A patient reports severe flank pain. The urinalysis reveals the presence of calcium phosphate crystals. The nurse will anticipate an order for which diagnostic test?
Intravenous pyelogram
Cystoscopy
Mid-stream urinalysis
Bladder scan
The Correct Answer is A
A. Intravenous pyelogram: IVP is a specialized X-ray with contrast dye that visualizes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, helping detect kidney stones, obstructions, or abnormalities. Calcium phosphate crystals suggest nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).
B. Cystoscopy examines the bladder and urethra, but it does not visualize the kidneys or ureters, where stones typically originate.
C. Mid-stream urinalysis alone does not confirm kidney stones, though it may show hematuria, infection, or crystal types.
D. Bladder scan assesses urinary retention or post-void residual volume, not kidney stones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. RBC 4.9 mm³: Chronic glomerulonephritis often leads to anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production, so a normal RBC count is unexpected.
B. Serum potassium 4.0 mEq/L : Kidney disease often leads to hyperkalemia (K⁺ >5.0 mEq/L) due to impaired potassium excretion.
C. Serum creatinine 0.8 mg/Dl: Chronic kidney disease results in increased creatinine levels (>1.3 mg/dL) due to reduced glomerular filtration.
D. BUN 100 mg/dL: BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) is elevated in kidney dysfunction. Normal BUN is 6–20 mg/dL, and a BUN of 100 mg/dL suggests severe renal impairment.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A 5-year-old child who ignores the urge to defecate owing to embarrassment. Ignoring the urge to defecate slows peristalsis, leading to constipation.
B. A 40-year-old female with major depressive disorder. Depression is more likely to cause decreased peristalsis and constipation.
C. An 80-year-old male in an assisted-living environment. Aging typically slows peristalsis, leading to constipation.
D. A 21-year-old female with three final examinations on the same day. Stress and anxiety stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing peristalsis and leading to diarrhea.
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