A patient who has been taking esomeprazole reports a new onset of muscle cramps. Which of the following might be the cause of this symptom?

Hypocalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypercalcemia

Hyponatremia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hypocalcemia is correct because esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, can lead to decreased calcium absorption, resulting in low calcium levels, which can cause muscle cramps.

B. Hyperkalemia is incorrect; while potassium levels can be affected by various medications, muscle cramps are not typically associated with high potassium levels.

C. Hypercalcemia is incorrect as it refers to elevated calcium levels, which would not cause muscle cramps and could actually lead to muscle weakness rather than cramping.

D. Hyponatremia is incorrect; low sodium levels may cause other symptoms but are not specifically linked to muscle cramps in the same way as low calcium levels are.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The patient’s statement about the peak of NPH insulin being 6-12 hours is correct; it is important to know when to monitor for hypoglycemia.

B. Taking NPH before breakfast is appropriate, as it is typically given in the morning to provide coverage for meals throughout the day.

C. The duration of NPH insulin lasting for 12-18 hours is accurate, which is crucial for understanding how long the patient can expect blood glucose control.

D. NPH insulin should not be taken right before meals as it does not act quickly enough to cover immediate carbohydrate intake. Rapid-acting insulin is typically used for that purpose, indicating a need for further teaching.

A. Increased risk for CNS depression B. Respiratory depression C. Opioid withdrawal symptoms D. Hypotension

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. An increased risk for CNS depression is not typically associated with opioid agonist-antagonists; instead, these medications may produce a ceiling effect on sedation compared to full agonists.

B. Respiratory depression is more commonly associated with full opioid agonists rather than agonist-antagonists. Agonist-antagonists can sometimes counteract respiratory depression caused by full agonists.

C. Opioid withdrawal symptoms can occur when a client who is dependent on full agonist opioids is given an agonist-antagonist, as these medications can displace the agonist from receptors, leading to withdrawal.

D. Hypotension is a possible side effect of opioids but is not a specific concern with the use of agonist-antagonists in the context of opioid therapy.

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A patient who has been taking esomeprazole reports a new onset of muscle cramps. Which of the following might be the cause of this symptom?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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