A patient with a history of hypertension is admitted for a procedure. If the patient’s blood pressure decreases, which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to see?
Decreased heart rate
Erythema
Increased temperature
Increased heart rate
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Decreased blood pressure triggers the baroreceptor reflex, increasing sympathetic activity to raise heart rate and vasoconstriction to restore pressure. A decreased heart rate would occur with increased blood pressure, not hypotension, as parasympathetic activation dominates. This choice is incorrect as it opposes the body’s compensatory response to low blood pressure.
Choice B reason: Erythema, or skin redness, results from vasodilation or inflammation, not directly from hypotension. While compensatory vasoconstriction occurs in hypotension, it reduces skin perfusion, potentially causing pallor, not erythema. This manifestation is unrelated to the cardiovascular response to decreased blood pressure, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Increased temperature is not a direct response to decreased blood pressure. Hypotension triggers sympathetic activation, prioritizing heart rate and vasoconstriction to maintain perfusion. Temperature changes may occur in shock states, but they’re not primary manifestations of routine hypotension, making this choice irrelevant to the expected clinical response.
Choice D reason: Decreased blood pressure activates the baroreceptor reflex, stimulating sympathetic nervous system activity. This increases heart rate (tachycardia) to enhance cardiac output, compensating for low pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. This is a primary physiological response to hypotension, making it the correct clinical manifestation expected in this scenario.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Theophylline is rarely used due to toxicity risks and less efficacy compared to beta-agonists. Increasing fluticasone dose doesn’t address acute exacerbations, as inhaled corticosteroids act slowly. Oxygen is appropriate, but this regimen lacks rapid-acting bronchodilators, making it inadequate for acute asthma management.
Choice B reason: Four puffs of albuterol via inhaler may be insufficient for severe asthma (90% saturation, wheezes). Theophylline is outdated, and nebulized treatments are more effective in emergencies. Oxygen is needed, but this combination lacks systemic steroids for inflammation, making it less optimal.
Choice C reason: Intravenous glucocorticoids reduce airway inflammation rapidly, nebulized albuterol and ipratropium provide synergistic bronchodilation, and oxygen corrects hypoxia (90% saturation). This aligns with guidelines for acute asthma exacerbations, addressing inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and oxygenation, making it the correct and comprehensive treatment choice.
Choice D reason: Intramuscular glucocorticoids are slower than intravenous for acute asthma. Salmeterol, a long-acting beta-agonist, is inappropriate for acute exacerbations, as it lacks rapid onset. Oxygen is needed, but this regimen doesn’t address immediate bronchoconstriction effectively, making it incorrect for emergency management.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Affinity is not about dosage form but the strength of drug-receptor binding. Dosage is unrelated to receptor interaction, so this is incorrect for affinity’s definition.
Choice B reason: Low affinity means weak attraction to receptors, not strong. High affinity indicates strong binding, so this statement is incorrect.
Choice C reason: High affinity means strong attraction between drug and receptor, enhancing binding and effect. This is accurate, making it a correct choice.
Choice D reason: Affinity influences potency; higher affinity often means greater potency at lower doses. This relationship is correct, making it a correct choice.
Choice E reason: Affinity is the strength of attraction between drug and receptor, a fundamental pharmacological concept. This definition is accurate, so this is a correct choice.
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