A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

Bananas

Leafy green foods

Alcoholic beverages

Dairy products

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Bananas do not interact with acetaminophen. They are a potassium-rich food without impact on acetaminophen metabolism or hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is liver damage, especially with alcohol or overdose, making bananas irrelevant to its safe use, so this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Leafy green foods, rich in vitamin K, may affect anticoagulants like warfarin but have no significant interaction with acetaminophen. They don’t influence acetaminophen’s metabolism or liver toxicity risk, making this choice irrelevant for patient instructions regarding safe acetaminophen use post-surgery.

Choice C reason: Alcohol increases acetaminophen’s hepatotoxicity by inducing CYP2E1 enzymes, which metabolize acetaminophen into toxic NAPQI, depleting liver glutathione and causing damage. Avoiding alcohol prevents severe liver injury, especially post-surgery when liver function is critical, making this the correct choice for patient safety.

Choice D reason: Dairy products do not interact with acetaminophen’s metabolism or toxicity. They may slow gastric emptying, slightly delaying absorption, but this isn’t a significant concern. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is hepatotoxicity, unaffected by dairy, making this choice incorrect for discharge instructions.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: NSAIDs, like ibuprofen, exacerbate peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by inhibiting COX-1, reducing protective gastric mucus and increasing acid-related damage. They are contraindicated in these conditions, making this choice incorrect for treatment.

Choice B reason: Antacids neutralize gastric acid, providing rapid symptom relief in PUD and GERD by reducing acid irritation on the esophagus and stomach lining. They are a standard, non-prescription option for mild symptoms, making this a correct choice for managing these conditions.

Choice C reason: Laxatives treat constipation by promoting bowel movements but have no role in PUD or GERD, which involve acid-related damage to the stomach or esophagus. They don’t affect gastric acid or mucosal protection, making this choice incorrect for treatment.

Choice D reason: H2 antagonists, like ranitidine, reduce gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells, promoting ulcer healing and relieving GERD symptoms. They are a mainstay treatment for both conditions, making this a correct choice for effective management.

Choice E reason: Proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, strongly inhibit gastric acid production by blocking the proton pump in parietal cells, allowing ulcer healing and reducing GERD symptoms. They are first-line therapy for PUD and GERD, making this a correct choice.

A. Antidotes B. Antagonists C. Agonists D. Activators

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Antidotes counteract specific toxins or drugs (e.g., naloxone for opioids). Antihistamines don’t neutralize allergens but block histamine receptors to reduce allergic symptoms like itching or sneezing. They target H1 or H2 receptors, not a toxin, making this choice incorrect for describing antihistamine mechanism of action.

Choice B reason: Antihistamines are antagonists, binding to histamine receptors (H1 or H2) without activating them, preventing histamine from triggering allergic responses like vasodilation or bronchoconstriction. This competitive inhibition reduces symptoms such as itching, sneezing, or gastric acid secretion, making this the correct choice for their pharmacological action.

Choice C reason: Agonists activate receptors to produce a response. Antihistamines block histamine receptors, not activate them, preventing allergic effects. Acting as agonists would mimic histamine, worsening symptoms like swelling or itching, which is opposite to their therapeutic role, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Activators is a vague term not used in pharmacology to describe drug action. Antihistamines specifically act as receptor antagonists, not general activators. They inhibit histamine effects without stimulating other pathways, making this choice inaccurate for explaining the mechanism of antihistamines in allergy management.

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A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

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