A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

Bananas

Leafy green foods

Alcoholic beverages

Dairy products

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Bananas do not interact with acetaminophen. They are a potassium-rich food without impact on acetaminophen metabolism or hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is liver damage, especially with alcohol or overdose, making bananas irrelevant to its safe use, so this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Leafy green foods, rich in vitamin K, may affect anticoagulants like warfarin but have no significant interaction with acetaminophen. They don’t influence acetaminophen’s metabolism or liver toxicity risk, making this choice irrelevant for patient instructions regarding safe acetaminophen use post-surgery.

Choice C reason: Alcohol increases acetaminophen’s hepatotoxicity by inducing CYP2E1 enzymes, which metabolize acetaminophen into toxic NAPQI, depleting liver glutathione and causing damage. Avoiding alcohol prevents severe liver injury, especially post-surgery when liver function is critical, making this the correct choice for patient safety.

Choice D reason: Dairy products do not interact with acetaminophen’s metabolism or toxicity. They may slow gastric emptying, slightly delaying absorption, but this isn’t a significant concern. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is hepatotoxicity, unaffected by dairy, making this choice incorrect for discharge instructions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Agonists activate receptors, mimicking endogenous ligands, not preventing activation. The drug blocks receptors, so this is incorrect for the described action.

Choice B reason: Antagonists prevent receptor activation by blocking ligand binding, inhibiting effects. This matches the drug’s action, making it the correct term.

Choice C reason: Potent describes a drug’s strength, not its mechanism of preventing receptor activation. Antagonist defines the action, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Selective refers to targeting specific receptors, not preventing activation. Antagonist describes the functional role, so this is incorrect.

A. Patient preference is the food and drug interaction of most concern. B. Foods alter drug absorption and metabolism but not drug action. C. Some foods, such as grapefruit, can interact with CYP isoenzymes and alter drug metabolism. D. All medications are best absorbed with food.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Patient preference is not a primary concern in food-drug interactions; physiological effects are. Grapefruit’s impact on metabolism is significant, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

Choice B reason: Foods can alter absorption and metabolism, but some also affect drug action (e.g., tyramine with MAOIs). This statement is incomplete, making it incorrect compared to grapefruit’s specific effect.

Choice C reason: Grapefruit inhibits CYP isoenzymes, altering drug metabolism and increasing drug levels. This is a well-documented interaction, making it the correct true statement about food-drug interactions.

Choice D reason: Not all medications are best absorbed with food; some require empty stomachs. Grapefruit’s metabolic interaction is more accurate, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

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A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to give a drug that will prevent receptor activation. Which term would describe this drug?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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