A patient with alcoholic liver disease has severe anemia. Which of the following explains the development of anemia in this particular patient?

Alcohol suppresses erythropoiesis.

Alcoholics are often deficient in folate.

Liver dysfunction leads to decreased clotting factors.

Gastric ulcers may lead to chronic blood loss.

Alcohol causes inflammation, which leads to anemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Alcohol can directly suppress the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow, leading to anemia.
B.   While alcoholics may indeed be deficient in folate due to poor nutrition, folate deficiency is not the primary mechanism for anemia in alcoholic liver disease.
C.   Liver dysfunction can lead to decreased production of clotting factors, contributing to coagulopathy, but it is not the primary mechanism for anemia in alcoholic liver disease.
D.   Gastric ulcers may indeed lead to chronic blood loss, contributing to anemia, but it is not specific to alcoholic liver disease.
E.   While alcohol-induced inflammation may contribute to various complications, including liver damage, it is not the primary mechanism for anemia in alcoholic liver disease.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. The patient experiences a decrease in hemoglobin S. Hydroxyurea does not decrease hemoglobin S levels directly; it works by increasing fetal hemoglobin (Hgb F) levels.
B. The patient experiences dehydration due to diuresis. This is not an indication that Hydroxyurea is working; it is a potential side effect that should be monitored.
C. The patient experiences an increase in fetal hemoglobin (Hbg F). Hydroxyurea works by increasing the levels of fetal hemoglobin, which reduces the sickling of red blood cells.
D. The patient needs fewer blood transfusions. Successful treatment with Hydroxyurea should reduce the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises and the need for blood transfusions.
E. The patient experiences diuresis. This is not an indicator of the medication's effectiveness; it is a potential side effect.

A. Family history of prostate cancer B. Race C. Obesity D. Smoking E. Advanced age F. Eating too much red meat

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Family history of prostate cancer is a known risk factor, as the disease can be more common in those with a relative who has had prostate cancer.
B. Race is a significant factor; African American men and Caribbean men of African ancestry have a higher incidence of prostate cancer.
C. Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of developing more aggressive forms of prostate cancer.
D. Smoking, while a risk factor for many cancers, is not as strongly linked to prostate cancer as the other factors listed here.
E. Advanced age is a major risk factor since the probability of developing prostate cancer increases significantly after the age of 50.
F. Consuming a large amount of red meat has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

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A patient with alcoholic liver disease has severe anemia. Which of the following explains the development of anemia in this particular patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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