A pregnant client is undergoing a nipple-stimulated contraction stress test (CST). She is experiencing contractions every three minutes.

The fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline is approximately 120 beats/min with no decelerations.

How should the nurse document this test?

Choice A rationale:

Hispanic women: While Hispanic cultures often emphasize strength and resilience, their expression of pain during labor can vary significantly. Some may vocalize their pain while others may remain more stoic. It's important to avoid generalizations and assess each individual's preferences and needs.

Choice B rationale:

Chinese women: In traditional Chinese culture, stoicism in the face of pain is often valued. This may be rooted in Confucianism, which emphasizes self-control and endurance. Women may be less likely to express their pain during labor to avoid appearing weak or losing face. They may also believe that vocalizing pain could negatively impact the birthing process. However, as labor progresses, they may become more vocal and request pain relief.

Choice C rationale:

Caucasian/European women: Caucasian women exhibit diverse responses to labor pain, influenced by personal experiences, cultural beliefs, and social expectations. Some may express their pain openly, while others may prefer to manage it quietly. It's crucial to avoid stereotyping and provide individualized care.

Choice D rationale:

African-American women: African-American women often express their pain during labor more openly than some other cultural groups. This may be due to historical experiences of racism and discrimination in healthcare, leading to a distrust of medical professionals and a greater reliance on self-advocacy. They may also have a stronger sense of community and support networks that encourage open expression of pain.

Choice A rationale:

Incorrect. The Human Genome Project revealed that humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, not 1,000. This finding significantly expanded our understanding of the complexity of the human genome.

Choice B rationale:

Incorrect. The concept of one gene producing three proteins is not a discovery from the Human Genome Project. While some genes can produce multiple protein isoforms through alternative splicing, this is not a universal feature of human genes.

Choice C rationale:

Correct. This is a major finding from the Human Genome Project. It highlights that despite our apparent differences, humans share a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity. This finding has implications for understanding human evolution, disease susceptibility, and pharmacogenomics.

Key points:

The vast majority of our DNA is shared among all humans.

The small percentage of genetic variation accounts for individual differences and diversity.

This finding challenges previous notions of race and ethnicity based on genetic differences.

It emphasizes the common origins and shared heritage of all humans.

Choice D rationale:

Incorrect. While single gene testing has become more common for certain genetic disorders, it is unlikely to become a standardized test for all patients in the future. This is due to the complexity of human genetics and the diverse factors that contribute to health and disease.