A public health nurse and a public health team are assessing a community using the ecological model. Which of the following characteristics should the team consider first?
Individual
Close social circles
Social and cultural factors
Environment
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason:
Considering the individual characteristics first focuses on personal attributes such as age, gender, genetics, and personal health behaviors. While these factors are important, the ecological model emphasizes the broader context in which individuals live. Starting with individual characteristics may overlook the larger environmental and social influences that significantly impact health outcomes.
Choice B Reason:
Close social circles, including family, friends, and immediate social networks, play a crucial role in shaping health behaviors and providing support. These relationships can influence lifestyle choices, stress levels, and access to resources. However, focusing on close social circles first may not capture the broader environmental and societal factors that also affect health.
Choice C Reason:
Social and cultural factors encompass the norms, values, and practices of the community. These factors influence health behaviors, access to healthcare, and overall well-being. While social and cultural factors are vital, they are part of a larger context that includes the physical environment. Addressing these factors without considering the environment may provide an incomplete picture of the community's health.
Choice D Reason:
The environment includes the physical, social, and economic conditions in which people live. This encompasses factors such as housing quality, access to green spaces, pollution levels, and availability of healthcare services. The environment sets the stage for individual and community health by influencing exposure to risks and access to resources. Starting with the environment provides a comprehensive understanding of the context in which individuals and communities operate, making it the most appropriate starting point for an ecological assessment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: "I Will Not Know if I Am Going to Be in the Intervention or Control Group."
This statement indicates an understanding of the concept of blinding in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group, and they are often blinded to which group they are in to prevent bias. This helps ensure the validity and reliability of the study results.
Choice B: "The Study Will Last for 10 Years. You Will Contact Me Annually for an Interview and Blood Work."
While this statement may describe the duration and follow-up procedures of some studies, it does not specifically indicate an understanding of the key aspects of a randomized controlled trial, such as randomization and blinding. The focus here is on the logistics rather than the methodology of the RCT.
Choice C: "You'll Need to Find Other Participants Like Me but Who Do Not Have This Disease."
This statement suggests a misunderstanding of the typical participant selection process for an RCT. In many RCTs, especially those testing new treatments, participants are selected based on having the condition being studied. The comparison is usually between those receiving the intervention and those receiving a placebo or standard treatment, not between those with and without the disease.
Choice D: "The Survey Will Take an Hour to Complete and Then I'll Be Done."
This statement indicates a misunderstanding of the nature of participation in an RCT. RCTs often involve multiple assessments, follow-ups, and possibly interventions over a period of time. A single survey is unlikely to encompass the full scope of participation in an RCT.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
A cluster refers to an aggregation of cases of a disease or other health-related condition in a specific area and time period that is greater than expected. Clusters are often the initial indication of an outbreak but do not describe the widespread nature of a pandemic.
Choice B Reason:
An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time within a specific geographic area or population. While an epidemic can be severe, it is typically confined to one region or country. The term "pandemic" is used when the disease spreads across multiple countries or continents.
Choice C Reason:
Endemic refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographic area or population group. Diseases that are endemic are consistently present but typically do not cause the widespread impact seen in pandemics.
Choice D Reason:
A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread across a large region, for instance, multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals. The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 is a prime example of a pandemic, as it spread globally and prompted widespread disease control measures.
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