A public health nurse is developing protocols to use in emergency shelters following a disaster. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as a secondary prevention strategy for clients who survive a disaster?

The correct answer is choice D, Scratching or piercing the skin. This behavior is known as self-harm or non-suicidal self-injury, and it is a maladaptive coping mechanism that can result from unmanaged stress or negative emotions. The nurse should identify this behavior as a priority and provide resources for the adolescent to seek professional help, including counseling or therapy.

Choice A, staying up all night playing online video games, can be a form of procrastination or avoidance but does not necessarily indicate a need for immediate intervention.

Choice B, listening to loud music for several hours, can also be a coping mechanism, but it is not necessarily harmful or maladaptive.

Choice C, talking about others on social media, maybe a negative behavior, but it does not indicate a need for immediate intervention unless it leads to cyberbullying or harassment.

The correct answer is Choice C because, "Refer clients to the appropriate community agency if signs of abuse are evident." This is the correct answer because it is an appropriate secondary prevention strategy related to violence and abuse. By referring clients to the appropriate community agency, the nurse is providing a proactive measure to prevent further harm and ensure that the client receives appropriate care.

Choice Ais wrong because, "Teach a parenting skills class at a child development center," is not the correct answer because it is a primary prevention strategy and not related to violence and abuse.

Choice Bis wrong because, "Assess clients for withdrawal and passivity during home health visits," is not the correct answer because it is a secondary prevention strategy related to depression, not violence and abuse.

Choice Dis wrong because, "Coordinate a personal defense program at a local agency," is not the correct answer because it is a tertiary prevention strategy and not related to violence and abuse.