A public health nurse is planning strategies to address substance use for clients in the community. Which of the following strategies are part of primary health promotion and prevention?

A. Shows perfectionism. Clients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) are characterized by perfectionism, a preoccupation with orderliness, control, and rules, and a need for mental and interpersonal control, often at the expense of flexibility and efficiency.

B. Takes advantage of others. This behavior is more typical of antisocial personality disorder, not OCPD. Clients with OCPD tend to be highly conscientious, not manipulative or exploitative.

C. Irritability. While clients with OCPD may become frustrated or anxious if things are not done their way, chronic irritability is not a hallmark feature of the disorder.

D. Impulsivity. Impulsivity is more commonly associated with borderline or antisocial personality disorders. In contrast, clients with OCPD are typically rigid, cautious, and rule-bound.

• Lack of sleep: Decreased need for sleep is a core feature of mania, where individuals may go days with minimal rest and still appear energetic or overly active. It is not a defining feature of psychosis, though it may occur secondarily.
• Pressured speech: Pressured, rapid, and difficult-to-interrupt speech is strongly associated with mania, reflecting accelerated thought processes and elevated mood. It is uncommon in psychosis unless mania and psychotic features coexist.
• Disorganized thought process: This is a hallmark of psychosis, often seen in disorders like schizophrenia. It includes loose associations, tangentiality, and difficulty organizing ideas, and can impair communication significantly.
• Excessive spending habits: Engaging in impulsive or risky financial behaviors is a classic symptom of mania, often driven by grandiosity or impaired judgment. This behavior is not typical of psychosis unless mania is also present.
• Hallucinations: Perceptual disturbances such as seeing or hearing things that are not present are definitive features of psychosis. While they can occur in severe mania with psychotic features, they are primarily linked to psychotic disorders.