A public health nurse is working with a statistician while conducting an analytic study of health disparities in the community. In which of the following stages of the analytic study is the nurse currently participating?
Data analysis
Conduct/implementation
Conceptualization/design
Interpretation of findings
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
Data analysis involves examining and interpreting the collected data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. This stage includes statistical analysis, creating comparative tables, and computing measures of association such as risk ratios or odds ratios. While crucial, this stage comes after the conceptualization and design phase.
Choice B Reason:
Conduct/implementation refers to the actual execution of the study, including data collection and ensuring that the study follows the designed protocol. This stage involves gathering data from participants, ensuring compliance with ethical standards, and managing the logistics of the study. It follows the conceptualization and design phase.
Choice C Reason:
Conceptualization/design is the initial stage of an analytic study where the research question is defined, hypotheses are generated, and the study design is developed. This stage involves planning the methodology, selecting the study population, and determining the data collection methods. The nurse's involvement in this stage indicates participation in the foundational planning and structuring of the study.
Choice D Reason:
Interpretation of findings involves analyzing the results of the data analysis to draw conclusions and make recommendations based on the study's outcomes. This stage includes discussing the implications of the findings, identifying limitations, and suggesting areas for further research. It is one of the final stages of the study process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Proportionate Mortality
Proportionate mortality refers to the proportion of deaths in a specified population over a period of time attributable to different causes. It is expressed as a percentage of the total number of deaths. While this measure can provide insight into the relative importance of different causes of death, it does not give the actual mortality rate for each cause. Therefore, it is not the best measure for identifying the top three causes of death in a county.
Choice B: Crude Mortality Rate
The crude mortality rate is the total number of deaths from all causes per 1,000 or 100,000 population in a given year. This measure provides an overall picture of the mortality level in a population but does not specify the causes of death. It is useful for general mortality trends but not for identifying specific causes of death.
Choice C: Cause-Specific Mortality Rate
The cause-specific mortality rate is the number of deaths from a specific cause per 100,000 population in a given year. This measure is the most appropriate for identifying the top three causes of death because it provides detailed information on the mortality rate for each specific cause. By calculating the cause-specific mortality rates, the nurse can determine which causes are the most significant contributors to mortality in the county.
Choice D: Case Fatality
Case fatality refers to the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a particular disease who die from that disease within a specified period. It is usually expressed as a percentage. While case fatality provides information on the severity of a disease, it does not give the overall mortality rate for the population or help identify the top causes of death.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
The Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of observational learning, social experiences, and reciprocal determinism in behavior change. It considers both internal factors (such as self-efficacy) and external factors (such as social influences and environmental conditions) in motivating behavior change. Therefore, it does not focus solely on internal factors.
Choice B Reason:
The Ecological Model, also known as the Social-Ecological Model, looks at multiple levels of influence on behavior, including individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy levels. This model highlights the interaction between individuals and their physical and sociocultural environments. It does not focus exclusively on internal factors but rather on a broad range of influences.
Choice C Reason:
The Transtheoretical Theory, also known as the Stages of Change Model, describes the process of intentional behavior change through five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. While it considers internal factors such as motivation and readiness to change, it also acknowledges the role of external factors and interventions in facilitating progress through these stages.
Choice D Reason:
The Health Belief Model focuses on individual perceptions and beliefs as the primary motivators for adopting healthier behaviors. It considers factors such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. This model is centered on internal cognitive factors that influence a person's decision to engage in health-promoting behaviors, making it the correct answer for a model that looks only at internal factors.
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