A nurse is collecting and assessing primary and secondary data in the community. Which of the following is an example of secondary data?

Choice A reason: Studies show a minimal increase in confidence levels among mentored youth
While mentorship can have various benefits, the statement that it shows only a minimal increase in confidence levels is not entirely accurate. Research indicates that mentorship programs can significantly boost self-esteem and self-confidence among youth. However, this choice does not directly address the primary rationale for referring a disruptive student to a mentorship program.

Choice B reason: Students who are mentored are more likely to attain educational success
This statement is supported by extensive research. Mentorship programs have been shown to improve academic performance, increase high school graduation rates, and enhance overall educational aspirations. Mentored students often receive guidance, support, and motivation that help them succeed academically. This rationale aligns well with the goal of addressing disruptive behavior in school by providing positive role models and support systems.

Choice C reason: Mentored teens tend to recover better from bullying experiences
Mentorship can indeed help teens recover from bullying by providing emotional support and guidance. Mentors can offer a safe space for mentees to discuss their experiences and develop coping strategies. However, while this is a valid benefit of mentorship, it is not the primary rationale for referring a disruptive student to a mentorship program.

Choice D reason: Mentorship will help the child avoid social activities during the teen years
This statement is incorrect. Mentorship programs aim to encourage positive social interactions and engagement in constructive activities. They do not seek to isolate children from social activities but rather to guide them towards healthier and more productive social engagements. Therefore, this rationale does not support the referral for mentorship.

Choice A Reason:
Research indicating that a screening is not warranted at this time and may be harmful aligns with a Grade D recommendation from the USPSTF. Grade D recommendations suggest that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits, and therefore, it should be discouraged.

Choice B Reason:
A Grade C recommendation from the USPSTF means that the service should be selectively offered or provided to individual patients based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small. This means that while there is some benefit, it is not substantial enough to recommend the service for all individuals.

Choice C Reason:
The statement that there is not enough evidence to determine if a screening is helpful or not corresponds to a Grade I (Insufficient) recommendation. This grade indicates that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the service. More research is needed to make a definitive recommendation.

Choice D Reason:
Research indicating that a screening exam is beneficial aligns with a Grade A or B recommendation. Grade A recommendations suggest high certainty that the net benefit is substantial, while Grade B recommendations suggest high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.