A school nurse is assisting with health screenings for school-age children during a health fair. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates scoliosis?

The neck flexing when bending forward at the waist

Shoulders that are uneven when standing erect

Toes that point inward when bending forward at the waist

Knees that bow outward when standing erect

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Neck flexion when bending forward is not a typical indicator of scoliosis. Scoliosis is identified by abnormal curvature of the spine, not by the neck.

B. Uneven shoulders when standing erect are a key indicator of scoliosis. This asymmetry can be identified when the child bends forward at the waist, which is a standard test for scoliosis during a physical examination.

C. Toes that point inward when bending forward is not a sign of scoliosis. This could be indicative of a different musculoskeletal issue such as hip or leg alignment problems, but it is not related to scoliosis.

D. Knees that bow outward when standing erect indicate bow-leggedness (genu varum), not scoliosis. Scoliosis specifically affects the spine's curvature.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A decreased white blood cell (WBC) count in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) would not support the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Bacterial infections typically cause an increased WBC count, specifically neutrophils.

B. Elevated total protein in the CSF is a classic finding in bacterial meningitis, as the infection leads to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and results in an increase in protein content.

C. Elevated glucose in the CSF is not consistent with bacterial meningitis. In bacterial meningitis, glucose levels are usually decreased due to the consumption of glucose by bacteria.

D. Decreased pressure in the CSF is not typical in bacterial meningitis. Increased intracranial pressure often results in elevated CSF pressure.

A. Remove the toddler's outer clothing. B. Discourage the toddler from sitting in the parent's lap. C. Allow the toddler to inspect the stethoscope. D. Perform traumatic procedures first.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Removing outer clothing can be uncomfortable or distressing for toddlers, so it is often better to do this gradually, allowing the child to feel more at ease.

B. Allowing the toddler to sit in the parent's lap can provide comfort and security during the examination.

C. Allowing the toddler to inspect the stethoscope is an effective way to reduce anxiety and establish trust with the child.

D. Traumatic procedures, such as immunizations or blood draws, should be done last to avoid causing unnecessary distress during the examination.

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A school nurse is assisting with health screenings for school-age children during a health fair. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates scoliosis?

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A school nurse is assisting with health screenings for school-age children during a health fair. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates scoliosis?