A school nurse is conducting an assessment on a child and notices the presence of Koplik spots on the child’s buccal mucosa.
What should be the nurse’s next course of action?

Review the immunization records of the child’s classmates.

Advise the caregivers to increase the child’s Vitamin B intake.

Examine the child’s classmates for enlargement of the parotid gland.

Contact the local health department.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Reviewing the immunization records of the child’s classmates might be a subsequent step after confirming the diagnosis and reporting to the health department. However, the immediate action should be to contact the local health department.

Choice B rationale

Advising the caregivers to increase the child’s Vitamin B intake is not relevant in this context. Koplik spots are a sign of measles, a viral infection, and increasing Vitamin B intake would not affect the course of this disease.

Choice C rationale

Examining the child’s classmates for enlargement of the parotid gland is not appropriate because enlargement of the parotid gland is a symptom of mumps, not measles.

Choice D rationale

Contacting the local health department is the correct action. Koplik spots are a characteristic sign of measles, a highly contagious and reportable disease. The local health department can provide guidance on further steps, including confirmation of the diagnosis, treatment, and measures to prevent the spread of the disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice B

Choice A rationale: Community-wide tuberculosis screenings are not the first-line response to a confirmed active case. While targeted screening may be appropriate for close contacts or high-risk groups, indiscriminate testing lacks cost-effectiveness and may overwhelm public health resources. Screening is a secondary prevention strategy, not an immediate containment measure. The priority is to initiate contact tracing and isolate the source. Therefore, this action is premature and not scientifically aligned with outbreak control protocols.

Choice B rationale: Tuberculosis is a notifiable disease under global public health regulations due to its airborne transmission and potential for outbreaks. Reporting to the public health department enables contact tracing, isolation protocols, and surveillance. This aligns with WHO and CDC guidelines for communicable disease control. Timely reporting activates epidemiological response systems and ensures legal compliance. It is the most immediate and scientifically justified action to prevent community spread and initiate containment measures.

Choice C rationale: Ensuring medication adherence is critical for individual treatment success and preventing drug resistance, especially with multidrug-resistant TB. However, this is a longitudinal management strategy rather than an immediate public health containment action. Directly observed therapy (DOT) is often used to support adherence, but it does not substitute for mandatory reporting or contact tracing. While essential for long-term control, it is not the first step in preventing community transmission.

Choice D rationale: Community education enhances awareness and reduces stigma, but it is a tertiary prevention strategy. It does not directly interrupt transmission or initiate containment. Education is valuable for long-term public health outcomes, but it lacks immediacy in halting spread from an active case. Scientific protocols prioritize identification, isolation, and reporting before educational outreach. Therefore, while beneficial, this action is not the most urgent or scientifically prioritized response.

Correct Answer is ["73.3"]

Explanation

To calculate the prevalence proportion, we need to consider the total number of existing cases within the population at a given time. Here's how we can approach this:

Understanding Prevalence:
- Prevalence measures the proportion of a population that has a specific condition at a particular time. It includes both new and existing cases.
Calculations:
- First, we need to determine the total number of diabetes cases. In this scenario we must add the new cases to the already existing cases. So 6+5 = 11 cases.
- Then, we divide the total number of cases by the total population.
- Prevalence Proportion = (Total Number of Cases) / (Total Population)
- Prevalence Proportion = 11 / 15,000
- Prevalence proportion= 0.0007333333333333333
Result:
- The prevalence proportion of diabetes mellitus in the community is approximately 0.000733. This can also be expressed as 73.3 cases per 100,000 people.

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A school nurse is conducting an assessment on a child and notices the presence of Koplik spots on the child’s buccal mucosa. What should be the nurse’s next course of action?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A public health nurse learns that a client is being treated for active tuberculosis. What action should the nurse take to prevent the spread of tuberculosis within the community?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A community health nurse notes that six new cases of diabetes mellitus have been reported in the past 3 months. In the previous year, five cases were reported. The population of the community is 15,000 people. What is the prevalence proportion for the community?

Correct Answer is ["73.3"]

Explanation

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A school nurse is conducting an assessment on a child and notices the presence of Koplik spots on the child’s buccal mucosa.
What should be the nurse’s next course of action?