A student asks the pharmacology instructor to explain the action of anticholinergic agents.
What would be the instructor's best response?
They compete with serotonin for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor sites.
They increase norepinephrine at the neuromuscular junction.
They block nicotinic receptors.
They act to block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Serotonin does not compete with anticholinergic agents at muscarinic acetylcholine receptor sites; anticholinergics target these receptors to inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system.
Choice B rationale
Anticholinergics do not increase norepinephrine at the neuromuscular junction.
Choice C rationale
Nicotinic receptors are primarily affected by different classes of drugs, such as neuromuscular blockers.
Choice D rationale
Anticholinergics inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking muscarinic receptors, reducing bodily functions like saliva production, digestion, and urination.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
CSF analysis and MRI are crucial in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF may show elevated levels of oligoclonal bands, indicative of immune system activity in the central nervous system. MRI can detect lesions or plaques in the brain and spinal cord, which are characteristic of MS.
Choice B rationale
Serum albumin and CT scan are not standard diagnostic tools for MS. Serum albumin is more relevant to liver function and nutritional status, while CT scans are less sensitive than MRIs in detecting MS lesions.
Choice C rationale
CSF proteins and angiography are not standard tests for diagnosing MS. While CSF protein levels might be altered in MS, angiography is used to visualize blood vessels and is not relevant to MS diagnosis.
Choice D rationale
Serum anti-acetylcholine antibodies and x-rays are not used to diagnose MS. Anti-acetylcholine antibodies are related to myasthenia gravis, and x-rays are not useful for visualizing MS lesions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Barrier contraceptives are recommended for women taking HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors due to the potential teratogenic effects of these drugs. This precaution is crucial as these medications can cause fetal harm if used during pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
While ophthalmic examinations may be important for other medications, they are not a primary concern for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. These drugs mainly affect cholesterol synthesis and have less direct impact on vision.
Choice C rationale
Although a cholesterol-lowering diet is beneficial, it is not the primary teaching point when discussing HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The emphasis should be on medication adherence and managing potential adverse effects.
Choice D rationale
Reporting respiratory symptoms is important for many medications but is not the primary focus for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The priority is to inform patients about the importance of contraception and potential side effects related to the medication.
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