The emergency department nurse is administering IV lidocaine to patients.
What adverse effect of lidocaine therapy should the nurse assess for?

Choice A rationale

Vitamin E is an antioxidant and is not indicated to counteract the effects of warfarin. It does not have a role in reversing anticoagulation or managing bleeding. High doses of Vitamin E can actually interfere with clotting and potentially exacerbate bleeding.

Choice B rationale

Protamine Sulfate is an antidote for heparin, not warfarin. It works by neutralizing the effects of heparin, which is an anticoagulant that acts quickly to prevent clot formation. Warfarin works differently and requires a different antidote for its anticoagulant effect.

Choice C rationale

Calcium Gluconate is not an antidote for warfarin. It is typically used in cases of hypocalcemia and can stabilize cardiac membranes in hyperkalemia but has no effect on reversing warfarin-induced anticoagulation or bleeding.

Choice D rationale

Vitamin K is the correct antidote for warfarin. It counteracts the anticoagulant effects by promoting the synthesis of clotting factors that warfarin inhibits. Administering Vitamin K is standard practice in reversing the effects of warfarin and managing bleeding complications.

Choice A rationale

True, because antitussive agents, which are cough suppressants, can potentially lead to dependence due to their central nervous system effects. This risk is particularly concerning for patients with a history of addiction.

Choice B rationale

False, is incorrect because the potential for addiction does warrant caution when prescribing antitussive agents to patients with a history of addiction. .