According to Erikson, the older adult is in which stage of psychosocial development?

A. Degree of motion of all joints

Range of motion (ROM) reflects joint function, mobility, and physical independence, making it the most comprehensive and important musculoskeletal assessment.

B. Enlarged joints

This could indicate arthritis, but it does not quantify functional ability like ROM does.

C. Crepitus in joints

Common in older adults due to cartilage breakdown, but it is not as clinically significant as functional assessment.

D. Slow gait

Important but less specific than assessing actual joint mobility across the body.

A. They are reluctant to get flu and pneumonia vaccinations: While some older adults may be hesitant, this is not the primary reason respiratory care is emphasized.

B. Decreased activity due to aging lowers oxygenation: Decreased activity can affect oxygenation, but it's not the most direct or major reason respiratory care is crucial.

C. Increased demands on the aging body increase risks of infection: Although aging increases susceptibility to infections, this is too broad and not specific to respiratory care.

D. Chronic pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death in older adults: This is the most compelling and specific reason; chronic respiratory diseases significantly impact morbidity and mortality in the elderly, making respiratory care a priority.