Which age-related changes decrease in older people? Select all that apply.
Intellectual capability
Tolerance for extremes in temperature
Total body water
Force of pulse
Pulmonary gas exchange
Conduction speed of CNS impulses
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,F
A. Intellectual capability: Intellectual ability generally remains intact with age, unless affected by disease such as dementia.
B. Tolerance for extremes in temperature: Decreases due to impaired thermoregulation and thinner skin.
C. Total body water: Decreases, making older adults more susceptible to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
D. Force of pulse: May decrease due to decreased cardiac output and vascular elasticity.
E. Pulmonary gas exchange: Decreases due to changes in alveolar surface area and chest wall compliance.
F. Conduction speed of CNS impulses: Decreases, leading to slower reaction times and reflexes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Elevation of urine specific gravity
This may indicate concentration of urine due to dehydration but is not an expected age-related change.
B. Dry oral mucus membranes
Could suggest dehydration but not an expected normal change; should be evaluated.
C. Poor skin turgor over the sternum
Skin elasticity declines with age, but this makes turgor a less reliable indicator, not necessarily a normal sign of dehydration.
D. Decreased creatinine clearance
Normal with aging due to reduced renal function, even if serum creatinine appears normal due to lower muscle mass.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Arthritis
Arthritis, especially osteoarthritis, is the most common cause of functional limitation and disability among older adults.
B. Urinary tract infection
While common in the elderly, UTIs are typically acute conditions and not a leading cause of long-term disability.
C. Macular degeneration
Though this affects vision and can cause impairment, it is less common than arthritis and does not affect mobility.
D. Pressure ulcers
These result from immobility, rather than causing it, and are more of a complication than a primary cause of disability.
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