A developmental challenge in old age is to:
develop close relationships with other people; to learn and experience love.
establish trusting relationships with other people.
find a vocation or hobby where the individual can help others or in some way con-tribute to society.
review life and gain a feeling of accomplishment or fulfillment
The Correct Answer is D
A. Develop close relationships with other people; to learn and experience love
This is associated with young adulthood (Erikson’s stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation), not old age.
B. Establish trusting relationships with other people
This occurs in infancy (Erikson’s stage of Trust vs. Mistrust), not in older adulthood.
C. Find a vocation or hobby where the individual can help others or in some way contribute to society
This is part of middle adulthood (Erikson’s stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation), not late adulthood.
D. Review life and gain a feeling of accomplishment or fulfillment
According to Erikson’s developmental theory, the key task of older adulthood is Ego Integrity vs. Despair, which involves life review and achieving a sense of fulfillment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Only ask questions with yes or no answers.
This limits communication and is not necessary. Hearing-impaired clients can engage in meaningful conversation when communication is properly supported.
B. Maintain eye contact with the client.
Maintaining eye contact and facing the client helps with lip reading and understanding facial cues, enhancing communication.
C. Stand to one side of the client and speak in their good ear.
Speaking directly in the ear is not appropriate as it may distort sound and invade personal space. Face the client instead.
D. Speak loudly with exaggerated enunciation.
This can actually distort speech and appear patronizing. Speaking clearly and at a normal volume is more effective.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Inability to advance past the present stage
Erikson’s stages are developmental tasks for specific age groups. Older adults do not move to a "next" stage after ego integrity, so this is not applicable.
B. Needs to repeat a previous stage
Erikson doesn’t propose repeating previous stages, but unresolved conflicts from earlier stages may affect current development.
C. Experiences despair
If older adults look back with regret or a sense of failure, they may experience despair, the opposite of ego integrity.
D. Experiences disappointment
While disappointment may be present, despair is the psychosocial conflict Erikson specifically described when ego integrity is not achieved.
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