According to the Monroe-Kellie doctrine, which of the following statements is true regarding the three essential components of the skull (brain tissue, blood, and CSF)?
The three components must remain at a relatively constant volume within the closed skull.
The three components of the skull can vary in volume without affecting brain function
The three components of the skull can expand indefinitely
The three components of the skull are not interconnected
The Correct Answer is A
A. According to the Monroe-Kellie doctrine, the skull is a closed compartment, and the total volume of brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) must remain constant. If one component increases, the others must decrease to maintain normal intracranial pressure (ICP).
B. Even small changes in volume can affect ICP and brain function if compensation mechanisms are exceeded.
C. The skull is rigid and does not expand, so any volume increase without compensation leads to increased ICP.
D. The components are interrelated and changes in one directly affect the others due to the closed nature of the intracranial space.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures electrical activity of the brain, not cardiac function.
B. KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder) is an X-ray used to assess the urinary tract, not heart function.
C. Dexascan (DEXA) is used to measure bone density, unrelated to heart function.
D. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that allows direct measurement of cardiac pressures and evaluation of coronary arteries. It can be used to assess cardiac function including ejection fraction, either directly or with adjunctive imaging like ventriculography. Additionally, echocardiography is commonly used non-invasively to measure ejection fraction but among the given options, cardiac catheterization is the correct answer
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Reporting bacterial meningitis is not optional; it is a reportable disease due to its public health significance.
B. It is necessary to report all cases of bacterial meningitis to monitor and control outbreaks.
C. All cases, regardless of severity, must be reported, not just severe cases.
D. Bacterial meningitis is a nationally notifiable disease, meaning cases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to help track and prevent spread.
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