After the nurse completes nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, she asks the client to repeat the instructions to assess the client’s understanding.

Which statement indicates that the client understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?

Choice A rationale
X-ray is not used to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement due to the risk of fetal radiation exposure. Other techniques provide safer, non-invasive assessments.
Choice B rationale
Robert’s Procedure is not a recognized technique for assessing fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. It lacks scientific evidence and validation in clinical practice.
Choice C rationale
McRobert’s Maneuvers are primarily used to resolve shoulder dystocia during delivery, not to assess fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. They are emergency measures rather than diagnostic tools.
Choice D rationale
Leopold’s Maneuvers are systematic palpations of the maternal abdomen to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. This non-invasive method helps determine the fetus’s position and orientation in the uterus.

Choice A rationale
Although the placenta acts as a partial barrier, it does not keep out all harmful substances, allowing some to cross and affect fetal development.
Choice B rationale
One of the placenta's early functions is producing hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, and progesterone, making it act as an endocrine gland.
Choice C rationale
The placenta does not thin out; it remains robust and increases in thickness to support the growing fetus and facilitate nutrient and gas exchange.
Choice D rationale
While optimal blood circulation through the placenta is crucial, this statement lacks detail on the specific structural and functional aspects of the placenta.