An adolescent girl with acne is being treated with an antibiotic in addition to topical applications.
What side effect does the nurse caution the girl to expect?
Lessened effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Urinary burning and frequency.
Breast engorgement.
Vaginitis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Certain broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, can alter the gut flora responsible for enterohepatic circulation of estrogens. This disruption can reduce the reabsorption of ethinyl estradiol, the synthetic estrogen in oral contraceptives, from the gut. The decreased serum levels of the hormone may lead to a reduction in the contraceptive's effectiveness, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. A backup birth control method should be used.
Choice B rationale
Urinary burning and frequency are more commonly associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) or some sexually transmitted infections, and not a typical side effect of antibiotics used for acne like tetracyclines or minocycline. These symptoms would indicate an inflammatory process in the urinary tract, which is distinct from the mechanism of action and side effect profile of these specific antibiotics.
Choice C rationale
Breast engorgement is a physiological condition often associated with hormonal fluctuations during the postpartum period or premenstrually. It is not a recognized side effect of systemic antibiotics used to treat acne. The mechanism of action of these medications does not involve hormonal pathways that would lead to breast tissue swelling and tenderness.
Choice D rationale
While some antibiotics can predispose to vaginal yeast infections (vaginitis) by disrupting the normal vaginal flora, this is not a side effect of all antibiotics used for acne. The reduction of beneficial lactobacilli can allow for an overgrowth of Candida albicans, leading to symptoms like itching and discharge, which is a known risk with some antibiotic classes but not a universal side effect across all.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Steak and French fries are high in saturated and trans fats, which raise LDL cholesterol. The dietary management of elevated lipid panels focuses on reducing these fats to decrease cardiovascular risk. Iceberg lettuce offers minimal nutritional value.
Choice B rationale
Baked chicken breast is a lean protein source, and baking avoids adding unhealthy fats. Broccoli and tomatoes are rich in soluble fiber and antioxidants, which can help lower LDL cholesterol and improve overall cardiovascular health. This meal choice is consistent with a heart-healthy diet.
Choice C rationale
Fried catfish is cooked in oil, increasing its saturated fat content. Cornbread often contains high amounts of fat and sugar, contributing to poor lipid profiles. These food choices would not be considered beneficial for managing an elevated lipid panel.
Choice D rationale
Spaghetti with meat sauce often contains high-fat ground meat, contributing to saturated fat intake. Garlic bread is typically prepared with butter or margarine, adding more unhealthy fats. This meal is high in carbohydrates and fats and is not a good choice for managing lipids. .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The presence of white flakes that are difficult to brush off the hair is a classic sign of pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice. These flakes are nits, or lice eggs, which are cemented to the hair shaft and are not easily removed. The rash on the back of the neck is often a result of scratching or an allergic reaction to the lice saliva.
Choice B rationale
Impetigo contagiosa is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores that quickly rupture, ooze for a few days, and then form a honey-colored crust. It typically does not present with white flakes in the hair.
Choice C rationale
Folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicles, often caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. It presents as small, red pimples with a hair in the center. It is not associated with white flakes or nits in the hair.
Choice D rationale
Tinea capitis, a fungal infection of the scalp, is characterized by scaly patches of temporary baldness. It may cause inflammation and itching, but it does not produce the characteristic white flakes or nits that adhere to the hair shaft.
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