An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?
Decrease the need for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
He would sleep soundly during the first half of the night, with increased arousals during the second half.
Increase sleep latency, and reduce total sleep time.
He would have difficulty falling to sleep, and sleep very lightly with more frequent arousals.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Nicotine’s impact on REM sleep is not as direct as this option suggests. REM sleep can be reduced, but
it is not directly linked to a decreased need for REM sleep.
B. This option may be true for some individuals, but smoking typically causes disruptions throughout the night, not just in the second half.
C. Smoking has been shown to increase sleep latency (the time it takes to fall asleep) and reduce total sleep time due to nicotine’s stimulant effect and withdrawal symptoms during sleep.
D. Difficulty falling asleep and light sleep with frequent arousals are common effects of smoking due to
nicotine’s stimulant properties and withdrawal during the night.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Observing pupillary response to a penlight helps assess the neurological function related to the eyes, such as reaction to light, but it does not directly assess the client's overall visual acuity or support the claim of being legally blind.
B. Examining the optic disc can help identify structural changes in the eye, such as damage to the retina or optic nerve, but it doesn't directly assess the client’s claim of being legally blind or the extent of visual impairment.
C. Assessing eye movements can help evaluate for conditions such as strabismus or cranial nerve abnormalities, but it doesn't provide a direct assessment of visual acuity or support the client’s statement of blindness.
D. The Snellen chart is a standard tool for assessing visual acuity and is the most appropriate method to objectively measure whether the client has the visual impairment consistent with being legally blind.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Frozen or non-movable joints typically refer to severe joint damage such as in cases of rheumatoid arthritis or advanced osteoarthritis, but Heberden's nodes are characterized by bony growths at the distal interphalangeal joints and do not indicate frozen joints.
B. Heberden's nodes are bony enlargements found at the distal interphalangeal joints. However, they are not typically associated with deviation of the joints, which might occur with other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
C. Proximal intertarsal joint swelling, particularly of the big toe, is more likely associated with gout, not osteoarthritis. Heberden's nodes specifically refer to changes in the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
D. Heberden's nodes are typically non-painful enlargements of the distal interphalangeal joints that result from osteoarthritis. The nurse should document the presence of these nodes and note if they are non-painful.
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