An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?

Decrease the need for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

He would sleep soundly during the first half of the night, with increased arousals during the second half.

Increase sleep latency, and reduce total sleep time.

He would have difficulty falling to sleep, and sleep very lightly with more frequent arousals.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Nicotine’s impact on REM sleep is not as direct as this option suggests. REM sleep can be reduced, but
it is not directly linked to a decreased need for REM sleep.
B.   This option may be true for some individuals, but smoking typically causes disruptions throughout the night, not just in the second half.
C.   Smoking has been shown to increase sleep latency (the time it takes to fall asleep) and reduce total sleep time due to nicotine’s stimulant effect and withdrawal symptoms during sleep.
D.   Difficulty falling asleep and light sleep with frequent arousals are common effects of smoking due to
nicotine’s stimulant properties and withdrawal during the night.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This is not applicable in this case. A BMI of 14 kg/m² indicates severe malnutrition, not excess nutrition. The client is at risk for nutritional deficiencies, not an excess of nutrition.
B. While fluid volume might be a concern in severely malnourished clients, the primary issue in this scenario is related to nutrition rather than fluid imbalance. A low BMI suggests insufficient caloric intake.
C. Excess fluid volume is not typically associated with a low BMI. In fact, clients with a BMI this low may show signs of dehydration or fluid loss due to inadequate nutritional intake.
D. This is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. A BMI of 14 kg/m² is indicative of severe malnutrition and the client is not meeting their nutritional needs, which could lead to further health complications.

A. Otitis media. B. Neurological pathology. C. Tinnitus. D. Hearing loss.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, and while it can affect hearing, it is not typically assessed using a tuning fork. Tuning forks are more useful for evaluating conductive hearing loss or bone conduction.
B. A tuning fork is generally not used to assess neurological pathology directly. Neurological conditions often require other diagnostic tools or tests to evaluate nerve function or reflexes.
C. Tinnitus is the perception of ringing in the ears and is usually assessed through patient reporting and audiometric testing. A tuning fork is not used to diagnose tinnitus, but it may be used to test hearing acuity.
D. A tuning fork is commonly used to assess for hearing loss, specifically conductive hearing loss. The fork helps test the function of bone and air conduction, which are important for determining the type of hearing impairment.

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An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In assessing an adult client, the nurse calculates the body mass index (BMI) as 14 kg/m2. Which nursing problem should be included in this client's plan of care? Reference Range: Body mass index (BMI) [normal 18.0 to 24.9 kg/m2]

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

When conducting a physical examination, the nurse uses a tuning fork to assess for which condition?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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