Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. The purpose of this is to achieve which desired result?
Bind phosphorus.
Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Stimulate appetite.
Prevent vomiting.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Calcium carbonate is often given with meals to individuals with chronic renal disease, especially those on dialysis. One of the primary purposes is to bind dietary phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract. In chronic renal disease, the kidneys are less effective at filtering out excess phosphorus from the blood, leading to elevated phosphorus levels (hyperphosphatemia). Elevated phosphorus levels can contribute to bone and mineral disorders in these patients. Calcium carbonate forms insoluble calcium phosphate complexes with dietary phosphorus, preventing its absorption and facilitating its elimination from the body through the feces.
Choice B rationale:
While calcium carbonate can interact with fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D, the primary reason for administering it to individuals with chronic renal disease is to manage phosphorus levels. Calcium carbonate can bind phosphorus and prevent its absorption, which is particularly important for patients with compromised kidney function.
Choice C rationale:
Stimulating appetite is not a primary purpose of administering calcium carbonate to children with chronic renal disease. The main focus is on managing phosphorus levels and preventing complications associated with hyperphosphatemia.
Choice D rationale:
Preventing vomiting is not a primary purpose of giving calcium carbonate to children with chronic renal disease. Calcium carbonate is typically used to manage phosphorus levels and complications related to hyperphosphatemia in this population.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C.
Choice C rationale:
Placing the avulsed tooth in cold milk is the most suitable medium for transporting it to the dentist. Cold milk helps preserve the viability of the tooth's cells and tissues, which is crucial for successful reimplantation. The temperature and composition of cold milk provide a suitable environment to prevent cell damage.
Choice A rationale:
Placing the tooth in a dry, clean jar is not recommended. A dry environment can cause the tooth's cells to dry out and become nonviable, making reimplantation less successful.
Choice B rationale:
Warm salt water is not the optimal choice for transporting an avulsed tooth. Warm water can cause damage to the tooth's cells, and salt water may not provide the necessary conditions to maintain the tooth's viability.
Choice D rationale:
Placing the tooth in cold water might seem logical, but it is not as effective as cold milk. Cold water lacks the protective properties and nutrients that milk provides, potentially leading to a higher risk of cell damage in the avulsed tooth.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is Choice C: Epispadias.
Choice A rationale:
Chordee is not the correct term to identify when the meatal opening is located on the dorsal surface of the penis. Chordee refers to the downward curvature or bending of the penis, often associated with hypospadias or other congenital conditions.
Choice B rationale:
Hypospadias is not the correct term for this condition. Hypospadias refers to a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. It is not related to the meatal opening being on the dorsal surface.
Choice C rationale:
Epispadias. This is the correct choice. Epispadias is a congenital malformation where the meatal opening is located on the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis. It is a rare condition and requires surgical intervention for correction.
Choice D rationale:
Phimosis is not the correct term for this condition. Phimosis refers to the tightness of the foreskin that prevents it from being pulled back over the tip of the penis. It does not relate to the positioning of the meatal opening.
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