Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. The purpose of this is to achieve which desired result?
Bind phosphorus.
Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Stimulate appetite.
Prevent vomiting.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Calcium carbonate is often given with meals to individuals with chronic renal disease, especially those on dialysis. One of the primary purposes is to bind dietary phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract. In chronic renal disease, the kidneys are less effective at filtering out excess phosphorus from the blood, leading to elevated phosphorus levels (hyperphosphatemia). Elevated phosphorus levels can contribute to bone and mineral disorders in these patients. Calcium carbonate forms insoluble calcium phosphate complexes with dietary phosphorus, preventing its absorption and facilitating its elimination from the body through the feces.
Choice B rationale:
While calcium carbonate can interact with fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D, the primary reason for administering it to individuals with chronic renal disease is to manage phosphorus levels. Calcium carbonate can bind phosphorus and prevent its absorption, which is particularly important for patients with compromised kidney function.
Choice C rationale:
Stimulating appetite is not a primary purpose of administering calcium carbonate to children with chronic renal disease. The main focus is on managing phosphorus levels and preventing complications associated with hyperphosphatemia.
Choice D rationale:
Preventing vomiting is not a primary purpose of giving calcium carbonate to children with chronic renal disease. Calcium carbonate is typically used to manage phosphorus levels and complications related to hyperphosphatemia in this population.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B: Lesions may extend to hairline or neck.
Choice A rationale:
Central clearing is not a prominent indicator of Tinea capitis. Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts, commonly caused by dermatophytes like Trichophyton species. The characteristic features include scaling, erythema, pustules, and hair loss. Unlike some other fungal infections, Tinea capitis does not typically have central clearing.
Choice B rationale:
Lesions extending to the hairline or neck is a correct aspect to include in education about Tinea capitis. The infection usually starts as small, scaly patches on the scalp and can progress to larger areas. It can extend to the hairline, neck, and even eyebrows and eyelashes. This is important information to convey to ensure proper recognition and timely treatment.
Choice C rationale:
Transmission of Tinea capitis mostly occurs from human-to-human rather than from dogs. While some animals can carry fungal infections that affect the skin, Tinea capitis is primarily spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated objects like combs, hats, and pillows.
Choice D rationale:
The appearance of Tinea capitis is not usually unilateral. This condition often presents with multiple, scattered areas of involvement on the scalp. It can cause varying degrees of inflammation, scaling, and hair loss in different areas, which may not follow a unilateral pattern.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. Infection or inflammation close to the site.
Choice A rationale:
Tender, enlarged, and warm lymph nodes are indicative of infection or inflammation in the nearby area. Lymph nodes are part of the immune system and can become enlarged and tender when fighting off infections in their drainage area.
Choice B rationale:
While cancer can cause lymph node enlargement, it is less likely in children, and the question doesn't provide any other context to suggest cancer as the primary explanation.
Choice C rationale:
Local scalp infection might cause enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck, but it would not be the best explanation for tender, enlarged, and warm cervical lymph nodes. Infections or inflammation close to the site of lymph node involvement are more likely.
Choice D rationale:
Infection or inflammation distal to the site wouldn't directly explain the tenderness, warmth, and enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes generally react to infections or inflammation in their drainage area.
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