What is the term used to identify when the meatal opening is located on the dorsal surface of the penis?

The correct answer is Choice A: Surgical removal of the affected section of bowel.

Choice A rationale:

Surgical removal of the affected section of bowel is the primary therapeutic management for most children with Hirschsprung's disease. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital condition where there is a lack of nerve cells in a segment of the colon, leading to obstruction and dilation of the bowel. Surgical resection of the affected segment and reconnection of healthy bowel portions is the standard treatment to alleviate the obstruction and restore normal bowel function.

Choice B rationale:

Daily enemas might be used in some cases to manage symptoms temporarily, but they are not the primary therapeutic management for Hirschsprung's disease. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.

Choice C rationale:

Permanent colostomy might be considered if the affected portion of bowel is extensive and cannot be safely reconnected after resection, but it's not the primary option for most children with Hirschsprung's disease.

Choice D rationale:

A low-fiber diet is not a therapeutic management for Hirschsprung's disease. Surgical intervention is necessary to address the underlying cause of obstruction, and diet modifications alone wouldn't resolve the condition.

The correct answers are choices A, B, and D.

Choice A rationale:

Decreased urinary output can be a sign of heart failure, especially in infants. In heart failure, the heart's ability to pump effectively can lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in decreased urine production.

Choice B rationale:

Sweating (inappropriate) is a symptom of heart failure in infants. Infants with heart failure might sweat excessively, especially while feeding or crying, due to the effort required by the heart to pump blood effectively.

Choice C rationale:

Warm flushed extremities are not typically associated with heart failure in infants. In heart failure, extremities might actually become cool and pale due to poor circulation.

Choice D rationale:

Anorexia, or a lack of appetite, is a common sign in infants with heart failure. The increased effort required for feeding due to compromised cardiac function can lead to poor feeding and decreased appetite.

Choice E rationale:

Weight loss can occur in infants with heart failure due to inadequate caloric intake, difficulty with feeding, and increased metabolic demands associated with heart failure. However, it's not as specific a sign as decreased urinary output, sweating, and anorexia.