An 8-year-old girl tells the nurse that she has cancer because God is punishing her for "being bad." She shares her concern that, if she dies, she will go to hell. How should the nurse interpret this belief?
The statement suggests a failed attempt to develop a conscience.
It is a belief that forms the basis for most religions.
The belief is suggestive of excessive family pressure.
It is a belief common at this age.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is choice D. It is a belief common at this age.
Choice A rationale:
The statement does not suggest a failed attempt to develop a conscience. The scenario described is more related to the cognitive development of an 8-year-old child. Children at this age often have magical thinking and may interpret events, such as illness, as punishments for perceived wrongdoing. This is a normal aspect of their cognitive development rather than a reflection of a failed attempt to develop a conscience.
Choice B rationale:
While beliefs about punishment and consequences are present in many religions, the scenario is not about a general religious belief but rather a specific belief held by the individual child. This belief is reflective of the child's cognitive understanding and not necessarily a religious teaching common to most religions.
Choice C rationale:
The belief is not necessarily suggestive of excessive family pressure. While family dynamics can influence a child's beliefs and behaviors, the scenario describes a typical cognitive developmental stage where children are still learning to differentiate between reality and their own thoughts, leading to magical thinking and unique interpretations.
Choice D rationale:
The belief is indeed common at this age. During middle childhood, children often exhibit concrete operational thinking, which includes a tendency to interpret events in a self-centered and concrete manner. Beliefs like the one described in the scenario, where the child connects her illness to perceived bad behavior and potential consequences, are characteristic of this developmental stage.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C: Concrete operations stage.
Choice A rationale:
The preoperational stage, which occurs roughly between ages 2 and 7, is characterized by egocentrism, animism, and a lack of conservation. Children in this stage struggle with understanding that quantities can remain the same even if their appearance changes. For instance, they might think that pouring water from a tall glass into a short, wide glass somehow changes the amount of water. This stage does not demonstrate the mental understanding required for the examples given in the question.
Choice B rationale:
The intuitive thought stage, which typically spans from ages 4 to 7, is marked by increased symbolic thinking but still lacks the capacity for logical and systematic reasoning. Children in this stage might be able to count and perform basic arithmetic, but they struggle with more complex operations and understanding the underlying principles of mathematical operations. This stage is not where the ability to understand the given math operations is firmly established.
Choice C rationale:
The concrete operations stage, which encompasses ages 7 to 11, is characterized by the development of logical and systematic thinking. Children in this stage are capable of understanding basic mathematical principles and operations, such as conservation of quantity and simple arithmetic. They can mentally manipulate numbers and understand that reversing an operation will yield the original quantity. Therefore, this stage is when the ability to understand that 1 + 3 = 4 and 4 - 3 = 1 occurs.
Choice D rationale:
The formal operations stage, typically beginning around age 11, is characterized by abstract and hypothetical thinking. This is when adolescents and adults can engage in complex reasoning and consider multiple possibilities and outcomes. The given math operations are not the focus of this stage; rather, it pertains to more advanced cognitive abilities like hypothetical problem-solving and deductive reasoning.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A. Slowed growth.
Choice A rationale:
Slowed growth is a potential risk associated with long-term use of inhaled steroids in children with asthma. Inhaled steroids are a cornerstone of asthma management due to their anti-inflammatory effects on the airways, but they can have systemic effects when absorbed in larger amounts. Prolonged use of these steroids can potentially lead to growth suppression in children by affecting the normal growth and development of bones and other tissues.
Choice B rationale:
Osteoporosis is not the primary concern in children taking inhaled steroids. While long-term use of high-dose systemic steroids can lead to bone loss and osteoporosis in adults, the risk of osteoporosis is much lower in children receiving inhaled steroids for asthma management. Inhaled steroids have a lower systemic absorption, reducing the risk of significant bone density reduction in children.
Choice C rationale:
Cushing's syndrome is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, often due to excessive use of systemic steroids. Inhaled steroids, especially at recommended doses, have a lower likelihood of causing Cushing's syndrome compared to systemic steroids. The systemic absorption of inhaled steroids is limited, minimizing the risk of this syndrome.
Choice D rationale:
Cough is not the primary increased risk associated with long-term use of inhaled steroids in children with asthma. Inhaled steroids are actually used to help control and prevent asthma symptoms, including cough. They work by reducing inflammation in the airways, which helps alleviate symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
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