Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's pumping ability is compromised. What can impair the pumping ability of the heart? Select all that apply.

Myocardial infarction

Cardiac tamponade

Severe bradycardia

Tension pneumothorax

Massive pulmonary embolism

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A reason:

Myocardial infarction (MI) directly affects the heart muscle's ability to contract effectively. When part of the heart muscle is damaged due to a lack of oxygen, it cannot pump blood efficiently, leading to cardiogenic shock. This impaired contractility reduces cardiac output and blood pressure, causing inadequate perfusion of tissues.

Choice B reason:

Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac surrounding the heart, compressing it and limiting its ability to fill and pump blood. This leads to decreased cardiac output and can cause cardiogenic shock. The heart cannot expand properly to accommodate blood flow, severely impairing its function.

Choice C reason:

Severe bradycardia, an abnormally slow heart rate, can reduce the heart's ability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs. When the heart rate is too slow, the volume of blood ejected with each beat (cardiac output) decreases, potentially leading to cardiogenic shock if the body's demand for oxygen is not met.

Choice D reason:

Tension pneumothorax, a condition where air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leads to increased pressure on the heart and great vessels. This pressure prevents the heart from filling properly, reducing cardiac output and impairing its pumping ability. If not promptly treated, tension pneumothorax can cause cardiogenic shock due to compromised heart function.

Choice E reason:

Massive pulmonary embolism, a blockage in the pulmonary arteries, hinders blood flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs. This obstruction increases the workload on the right ventricle, potentially leading to right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. The heart struggles to pump blood through the blocked pulmonary circuit, resulting in decreased cardiac output and shock.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Oliguria. Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a manifestation that occurs later as shock progresses and renal perfusion decreases. It is not typically seen in the initial stage of shock.

Choice B reason: Hypotension. Hypotension generally appears in the compensatory and progressive stages of shock as the body's compensatory mechanisms begin to fail. In the initial stage, blood pressure may still be maintained by compensatory mechanisms.

Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis is more likely to occur during the compensatory stage of shock due to hyperventilation as the body attempts to compensate for hypoxia. It is not anticipated in the initial stage of shock.

Choice D reason: Hypoxia. During the initial stage of shock, the body's cells and tissues begin to experience hypoxia due to reduced oxygen delivery. This is an early manifestation that the nurse should monitor for.

A. Epinephrine. B. Rapid infusion of normal saline. C. Dobutamine. D. Norepinephrine.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock. It rapidly reverses severe allergic reactions by reducing swelling, increasing blood pressure, and improving breathing.

Choice B reason: Rapid infusion of normal saline. While fluid resuscitation is important in managing anaphylactic shock, it is not the initial therapy of choice. Epinephrine should be administered first to counteract the allergic reaction.

Choice C reason: Dobutamine. Dobutamine is used to support cardiac function in certain types of shock but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock.

Choice D reason: Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a vasopressor used to treat severe hypotension and shock but is not the initial treatment for anaphylactic shock. Epinephrine is preferred to address the allergic reaction.

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Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's pumping ability is compromised. What can impair the pumping ability of the heart? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the initial stage of shock, which manifestation should the nurse monitor for when assessing the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What is the initial therapy of choice for the treatment of anaphylactic shock?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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In a state of shock, the body attempts to maintain homeostasis by maintaining priority blood flow to the:

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Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that a client is exhibiting early clinical manifestations of the compensatory stage of shock? (Select all that apply).

Cardiac output (CO) equals:

Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's pumping ability is compromised. What can impair the pumping ability of the heart? Select all that apply.