Congenital disorders refer to conditions that are present at birth.
These disorders may be inherited and caused by environmental factors or maternal malnutrition.
Toxic exposures have the greatest effect on development between 15 and 60 days of gestation.
For the nurse to be able to conduct a complete assessment of the newly pregnant patient, she should understand the significance of exposure to known human teratogens.
These include (Select all that apply.)
Drugs.
Infections.
Radiation.
Maternal genetic conditions.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale
Drugs, such as thalidomide and isotretinoin, are known teratogens that can cause congenital anomalies by interfering with the normal development of the embryo or fetus during critical periods.
Choice B rationale
Infections, such as rubella and cytomegalovirus, are known teratogens that can lead to congenital disorders by causing inflammation, cell damage, and disruption of normal fetal development.
Choice C rationale
Radiation exposure, particularly in high doses during critical periods of organogenesis, is a known teratogen that can result in congenital anomalies such as microcephaly, growth restriction, and intellectual disability.
Choice D rationale
Maternal genetic conditions are not considered teratogens. Teratogens are external agents that cause developmental abnormalities, whereas genetic conditions are inherited and involve genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Terbutaline is a beta-agonist used to relax uterine muscles and delay preterm labor, not to augment labor in term pregnancies. It is not indicated for labor augmentation.
Choice B rationale
Betamethasone is a corticosteroid given to enhance fetal lung maturity in preterm pregnancies. It is not used to augment labor in term pregnancies, as it does not stimulate uterine contractions.
Choice C rationale
Pitocin (oxytocin) is a synthetic form of the natural hormone oxytocin. It stimulates uterine contractions and is commonly used to induce or augment labor in term pregnancies.
Choice D rationale
Magnesium sulfate is used primarily to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and to provide neuroprotection to preterm infants. It does not help augment labor contractions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Quickening, the first fetal movements felt by the mother, typically occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation, so she should expect to feel fluttering sensations within the next month.
Choice B rationale
At 15 weeks of gestation, it is too early for most first-time mothers to feel fetal movements. Quickening usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks, so she has not missed the window.
Choice C rationale
While some fetal movements may be subtle, it is inaccurate to suggest that some babies are entirely quiet. Quickening is generally felt by most mothers between 16 and 20 weeks.
Choice D rationale
The baby is indeed moving, but fetal movements are usually not felt until 16 to 20 weeks of gestation in first-time pregnancies, so it is normal not to feel them yet at 15 weeks.
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