Congenital disorders refer to conditions that are present at birth.

These disorders may be inherited and caused by environmental factors or maternal malnutrition.

Toxic exposures have the greatest effect on development between 15 and 60 days of gestation.

For the nurse to be able to conduct a complete assessment of the newly pregnant patient, she should understand the significance of exposure to known human teratogens.

These include (Select all that apply.)

Drugs.

Infections.

Radiation.

Maternal genetic conditions.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A rationale
Drugs, such as thalidomide and isotretinoin, are known teratogens that can cause congenital anomalies by interfering with the normal development of the embryo or fetus during critical periods.
Choice B rationale
Infections, such as rubella and cytomegalovirus, are known teratogens that can lead to congenital disorders by causing inflammation, cell damage, and disruption of normal fetal development.
Choice C rationale
Radiation exposure, particularly in high doses during critical periods of organogenesis, is a known teratogen that can result in congenital anomalies such as microcephaly, growth restriction, and intellectual disability.
Choice D rationale
Maternal genetic conditions are not considered teratogens. Teratogens are external agents that cause developmental abnormalities, whereas genetic conditions are inherited and involve genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Starting Pitocin at a low dose minimizes the risk of uterine hyperstimulation, which can cause fetal distress. Gradually increasing the dose allows careful monitoring of the mother’s and fetus’s responses for optimal contraction rate.

Choice B rationale

Administering Pitocin without starting at a low dose increases the risk of uterine tachysystole, leading to potential complications like uterine rupture or placental abruption. A gradual increase ensures safer labor progression.

A. Fetal movement felt by pregnant woman. B. Fetal heart rate noted on ultrasound. C. A positive pregnancy test. D. Braxton Hicks contractions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Fetal movement felt by the pregnant woman is a presumptive sign of pregnancy, indicating probable fetal presence, but not definitive evidence.
Choice B rationale
Fetal heart rate noted on ultrasound is a positive sign of pregnancy, providing objective evidence of fetal existence within the uterus.
Choice C rationale
A positive pregnancy test indicates probable pregnancy due to hormonal presence, but it is not a definitive confirmation without further clinical evidence.
Choice D rationale
Braxton Hicks contractions are considered probable signs of pregnancy, as they indicate uterine activity without confirming the presence of a fetus.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When administering Pitocin, you should start at a low dose and work your way up slowly to a dose that provides the best contraction rate.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse’s instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

With regard to weight gain during pregnancy, the nurse should be aware of which important information?

The slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor is called:

The nurse caring for the laboring woman should know that meconium is produced by:

After the nurse completes nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, she asks the client to repeat the instructions to assess the client’s understanding. Which statement indicates that the client understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?

The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as the five Ps, include all except:

Jana purchased an over-the-counter pregnancy test. The results were positive. The hormone responsible for a positive pregnancy test is:

A woman attends a prenatal visit and is told to start taking a folic acid supplement. The Nurse Practitioner explains that this is to prevent: