Congenital disorders refer to conditions that are present at birth.
These disorders may be inherited and caused by environmental factors or maternal malnutrition.
Toxic exposures have the greatest effect on development between 15 and 60 days of gestation.
For the nurse to be able to conduct a complete assessment of the newly pregnant patient, she should understand the significance of exposure to known human teratogens.
These include (Select all that apply.)
Drugs.
Infections.
Radiation.
Maternal genetic conditions.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale
Drugs, such as thalidomide and isotretinoin, are known teratogens that can cause congenital anomalies by interfering with the normal development of the embryo or fetus during critical periods.
Choice B rationale
Infections, such as rubella and cytomegalovirus, are known teratogens that can lead to congenital disorders by causing inflammation, cell damage, and disruption of normal fetal development.
Choice C rationale
Radiation exposure, particularly in high doses during critical periods of organogenesis, is a known teratogen that can result in congenital anomalies such as microcephaly, growth restriction, and intellectual disability.
Choice D rationale
Maternal genetic conditions are not considered teratogens. Teratogens are external agents that cause developmental abnormalities, whereas genetic conditions are inherited and involve genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Terbutaline is a beta-agonist used to relax uterine muscles and delay preterm labor, not to augment labor in term pregnancies. It is not indicated for labor augmentation.
Choice B rationale
Betamethasone is a corticosteroid given to enhance fetal lung maturity in preterm pregnancies. It is not used to augment labor in term pregnancies, as it does not stimulate uterine contractions.
Choice C rationale
Pitocin (oxytocin) is a synthetic form of the natural hormone oxytocin. It stimulates uterine contractions and is commonly used to induce or augment labor in term pregnancies.
Choice D rationale
Magnesium sulfate is used primarily to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and to provide neuroprotection to preterm infants. It does not help augment labor contractions.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
X-ray is not used to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement due to the risk of fetal radiation exposure. Other techniques provide safer, non-invasive assessments.
Choice B rationale
Robert’s Procedure is not a recognized technique for assessing fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. It lacks scientific evidence and validation in clinical practice.
Choice C rationale
McRobert’s Maneuvers are primarily used to resolve shoulder dystocia during delivery, not to assess fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. They are emergency measures rather than diagnostic tools.
Choice D rationale
Leopold’s Maneuvers are systematic palpations of the maternal abdomen to identify fetal lie, presentation, and engagement. This non-invasive method helps determine the fetus’s position and orientation in the uterus.
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