The nurse has received a report regarding her patient in labor.

The woman’s last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm, 30%, and -2. The nurse’s interpretation of this assessment is that:

Choice A rationale
Bladder distention may cause discomfort and urinary issues but is not directly related to cervical dilation and effacement, which involve changes in the cervix to prepare for labor.
Choice B rationale
False labor involves irregular contractions that do not lead to cervical dilation and effacement. These are often called Braxton Hicks contractions and do not result in significant cervical changes.
Choice C rationale
The cervical mucus plug coming out, also known as the "bloody show," indicates that the cervix is beginning to dilate and efface, which are preparatory processes for labor to occur.
Choice D rationale
Lightening refers to the descent of the baby into the pelvis, which typically occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and does not directly involve cervical dilation and effacement processes.

Choice A rationale
Folic acid does not reduce the risk of preeclampsia. Instead, it is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus during early pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
While folic acid can improve overall nutrition, its primary importance during pregnancy is in preventing neural tube defects by aiding in proper neural development.
Choice C rationale
Folic acid does not prevent patent ductus arteriosus. It is specifically recommended to prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida by supporting proper neural tube closure.
Choice D rationale
Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects such as spina bifida. It helps ensure the proper closure of the neural tube during early fetal development, reducing the risk of these defects.