Due to the electrons in their orbitals, sodium, potassium and calcium tend to lose electrons when bonding. When these bonds are dissolved in water, these particles become ________ particles called ________

A. it requires heat to evaporate: Water has a high heat of vaporization, meaning it requires a lot of energy to evaporate.
B. it undergoes rapid temperature changes: Water has a high specific heat, meaning it resists rapid temperature changes, which helps maintain homeostasis.
C. it is an excellent solvent: Water is called the "universal solvent" due to its polarity, which dissolves many substances.
D. it is a great mixing medium, forming solutions, suspensions and colloids: Water forms various types of mixtures, including solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

A. Urinary – Includes kidney & bladder; removes wastes: The urinary system includes the kidneys and bladder, which remove nitrogenous waste and regulate water and electrolyte balance.
B. Endocrine – Includes the hormone-producing glands: The endocrine system includes pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, etc., involved in metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
C. Respiratory – Includes lungs, involved in gas exchange & pH balance: The lungs are central to the exchange of O₂ and CO₂, which also helps regulate blood pH.
D. Digestive – Includes blood vessels, transports nutrients and gases to organs and wastes (CO2) from organs: Blood vessels are primarily part of the circulatory system, not the digestive system. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, etc., which process food and absorb nutrients-not gas transport.