During a family picnic, a relative of a nurse asks what they should do if there is blood in their urine and some pain in their lower abdomen. The best advise the nurse could give this family member would be which intervention?
Increase their intake of cranberry juice and other fluids
Wait and see if it goes away without treatment
Go to the emergency room right away
Get an appointment with their family provider
The Correct Answer is D
A. Increase their intake of cranberry juice and other fluids: While cranberry juice and increased fluids may help prevent or relieve mild urinary tract infections, the presence of blood in the urine (hematuria) and lower abdominal pain may indicate a more serious condition that requires professional evaluation rather than home remedies alone.
B. Wait and see if it goes away without treatment: Ignoring hematuria and pain can delay diagnosis and treatment of potentially serious conditions such as infections, stones, or other urinary tract problems. Prompt assessment is important to prevent complications.
C. Go to the emergency room right away: Unless symptoms are severe, such as uncontrollable pain, fever, or signs of systemic infection, immediate emergency care may not be necessary. However, timely medical evaluation is still essential.
D. Get an appointment with their family provider: This is the most appropriate advice because a healthcare provider can perform necessary assessments, such as history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests, to determine the cause of hematuria and pain and initiate appropriate treatment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Azotemia: Azotemia, or elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, is a common feature of glomerulonephritis due to reduced kidney filtration capacity and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
B. Hematuria with red cell casts: Hematuria with red blood cell casts is a classic hallmark of glomerulonephritis, indicating glomerular bleeding and inflammation. These casts are formed in the nephron and reflect active glomerular injury.
C. Oliguria and hypertension: Both are characteristic findings in glomerulonephritis. Oliguria results from impaired filtration, while hypertension develops due to fluid retention and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D. An increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >100: Glomerulonephritis typically leads to a decreased GFR, not an increase. Inflammation and damage to the glomeruli impair the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively, resulting in reduced GFR and waste accumulation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diverticulitis: This condition involves inflammation or infection of diverticula (small pouches) in the colon wall, typically presenting with localized pain and not characterized by “cobblestone” appearance or skipped lesions seen on colonoscopy.
B. Crohn's Disease: The description of “cobblestone” mucosa, skipped lesions, and thickened bowel walls resembling “lead pipes” are classic features of Crohn’s disease. It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with patchy, transmural inflammation causing thickening and characteristic endoscopic findings.
C. Diverticulosis: This condition involves the presence of diverticula without inflammation. It does not cause the cobblestone or skipped lesion appearance seen in inflammatory bowel disease and is generally asymptomatic unless complicated by diverticulitis.
D. Ulcerative Colitis: This disease causes continuous inflammation usually starting in the rectum and extending proximally, leading to a loss of haustral markings but does not typically present with skipped lesions or a cobblestone appearance. The colon wall tends to be thin rather than thickened.
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