Which of the following are true about precocious puberty? (Select all that apply, some, one, or none)
May be idopathic
Peripheral precocious puberty is independent of gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland
Central precocious puberty is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis
It is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys
Tall stature during childhood is a common feature, but final adult height may be shorter than expected without treatment
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
A. May be idiopathic: In many cases, especially central precocious puberty, no identifiable underlying cause is found. This is referred to as idiopathic precocious puberty and is a common diagnosis, particularly in girls.
B. Peripheral precocious puberty is independent of gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland: Peripheral (or gonadotropin-independent) precocious puberty occurs due to hormone secretion from sources other than the pituitary, such as adrenal tumors or ovarian cysts.
C. Central precocious puberty is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis: This is the most common form and involves early activation of the normal puberty pathway via the HPG axis.
D. It is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys: This is the widely accepted medical definition of precocious puberty based on chronological age for the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.
E. Tall stature during childhood is a common feature, but final adult height may be shorter than expected without treatment: Early growth spurts can lead to early closure of growth plates, resulting in reduced adult height if untreated.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Tubular necrosis: Tubular necrosis refers to the death of tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys, commonly due to ischemia or toxins. This is not the primary defect in Potter syndrome, which involves developmental abnormalities rather than acute tubular injury.
B. Renal hyperplasia: Hyperplasia means increased cell number leading to organ enlargement. Potter syndrome typically involves renal hypoplasia or agenesis rather than hyperplasia, so this is not consistent with the syndrome’s defect.
C. Renal failure: Potter syndrome primarily results from bilateral renal agenesis or severe renal dysplasia, leading to absent or nonfunctional kidneys and subsequent renal failure. The lack of functional kidneys leads to oligohydramnios and the characteristic features of Potter syndrome.
D. Renal metaplasia: Metaplasia refers to abnormal transformation of one differentiated tissue type into another. This process is not the main defect in Potter syndrome, which is related to kidney development failure rather than abnormal tissue differentiation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Proteus mirabilis: While Proteus mirabilis is a recognized cause of UTIs, especially in catheterized patients or those with structural abnormalities, it is not the most common pathogen overall.
B. Escherichia coli: E. coli is by far the most common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections, accounting for approximately 80–90% of uncomplicated UTIs due to its ability to adhere to the uroepithelium with fimbriae.
C. Staphylococcus saprophyticus: This organism is a common cause of UTIs in sexually active young women, but overall it is much less prevalent than E. coli across all age groups and sexes.
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Although K. pneumoniae can cause UTIs, particularly in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients, it is not as frequently encountered as E. coli in community-acquired cases.
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