Maria received a diagnosis of this inflammatory bowel disease when she was 14 years old; the surface of her ascending colon resembles "cobblestones", known as skipped lesions, with thickened areas that resemble lead pipes. What type of inflammatory bowel disease does Maria have?
Diverticulitis
Crohn's Disease
Diverticulosis
Ulcerative Colitis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Diverticulitis: This condition involves inflammation or infection of diverticula (small pouches) in the colon wall, typically presenting with localized pain and not characterized by “cobblestone” appearance or skipped lesions seen on colonoscopy.
B. Crohn's Disease: The description of “cobblestone” mucosa, skipped lesions, and thickened bowel walls resembling “lead pipes” are classic features of Crohn’s disease. It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with patchy, transmural inflammation causing thickening and characteristic endoscopic findings.
C. Diverticulosis: This condition involves the presence of diverticula without inflammation. It does not cause the cobblestone or skipped lesion appearance seen in inflammatory bowel disease and is generally asymptomatic unless complicated by diverticulitis.
D. Ulcerative Colitis: This disease causes continuous inflammation usually starting in the rectum and extending proximally, leading to a loss of haustral markings but does not typically present with skipped lesions or a cobblestone appearance. The colon wall tends to be thin rather than thickened.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Three: Up to three bowel movements per day is generally considered the upper limit of normal for stool frequency in adults. This range accommodates individual variation while distinguishing normal from diarrhea.
B. Five: Five stools per day exceed the typical upper limit and may indicate diarrhea or an underlying gastrointestinal disorder if persistent, rather than normal bowel habits.
C. Two: Two stools per day fall well within the normal range but do not represent the upper limit. Normal stool frequency can range from three times per day to three times per week.
D. Seven: Seven stools per day indicate frequent bowel movements consistent with diarrhea, which is above normal frequency and warrants further assessment for underlying causes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage leads to significant blood loss, resulting in decreased blood volume and reduced renal perfusion, which is a common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI).
B. Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can cause systemic vasodilation and reduced effective circulating volume, leading to decreased renal blood flow and prerenal failure due to impaired kidney perfusion.
C. Kidney disease: Kidney disease itself is an intrinsic (renal) cause of kidney failure, involving direct damage to the kidney tissue, rather than prerenal failure caused by decreased perfusion.
D. Narrowing of the blood vessels leading to the kidneys: Renal artery stenosis reduces blood flow to the kidneys, causing prerenal failure by impairing kidney perfusion despite adequate circulating volume.
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