During a home health visit, the nurse observes that an elderly client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is wearing loose cloth slippers.
The client reports discomfort when wearing other shoes due to long toenails.
Upon inspection, the nurse finds long, thick nails that curl under some of the client’s toes. What should the nurse do in this situation?

Answer and explanation The correct answer is C. Choice A rationale

While the dissemination of all educational pamphlets among the served counties indicates successful distribution of information, it does not necessarily reflect a change in health outcomes or behaviors.

Choice B rationale

Although a high rating from workshop attendees indicates that the program was well-received, it does not provide measurable health outcomes.

Choice C rationale

A decrease in cardiac-related fatalities by 109% six months after the program’s presentation is a direct and measurable outcome that indicates the program was successful in its goal to prevent strokes and acute coronary syndrome.

Choice D rationale

While a commitment to adopting a healthier lifestyle from 65% of the program’s participants is a positive outcome, it is based on self-report and does not provide direct evidence of a decrease in strokes or acute coronary syndrome.

The correct answer is B. Perceived susceptibility.

Explanation:

The Health Belief Model (HBM) explains health-related behaviors based on an individual's perceptions. Perceived susceptibility refers to a person's belief about their risk of developing a disease. In this case, the client believes they are not susceptible to the flu, which influences their decision not to get vaccinated.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A. Perceived barriers – This refers to obstacles preventing someone from taking action, such as cost or fear of side effects. The client did not mention barriers, only their belief that they don’t get the flu.

• C. Perceived severity – This relates to how serious a person believes a condition is. The client did not indicate concern about how severe the flu might be, only that they don’t expect to get it.

• D. Perceived benefits – This focuses on a person’s belief in the effectiveness of an action. The client’s response does not express doubts about the vaccine’s benefits, just their belief that flu prevention is unnecessary for them.