During acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the client's lung cells that produce surfactant have become damaged. The nurse knows this pathologic change will lead to what outcome?
pulmonary edema
atelectasis
bronchoconstriction
upper airway blockage
The Correct Answer is B
A. Pulmonary edema: Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs, typically due to heart failure or other conditions that increase pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs. While pulmonary edema may occur in ARDS, the primary issue in ARDS related to surfactant damage is not fluid accumulation in the lungs but the inability of the lungs to properly expand and maintain gas exchange.
B. Atelectasis: In ARDS, damage to the lung cells that produce surfactant impairs the lungs' ability to maintain surface tension in the alveoli. Surfactant is a substance that helps keep the alveoli open by reducing surface tension. Without sufficient surfactant, the alveoli can collapse, leading to atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli), which further impairs oxygen exchange and contributes to hypoxemia in ARDS.
C. Bronchoconstriction: Bronchoconstriction refers to the narrowing of the airways due to muscle contraction, often seen in conditions like asthma. While bronchoconstriction may occur in other respiratory conditions, it is not the primary pathologic process in ARDS. ARDS is primarily characterized by damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane and impaired surfactant production, leading to atelectasis and impaired gas exchange.
D. Upper airway blockage: Upper airway blockage refers to an obstruction in the airway above the level of the trachea, often due to foreign objects, swelling, or other causes. This is not the primary concern in ARDS, which is a lower respiratory issue affecting the alveoli and gas exchange in the lungs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["9"]
Explanation
Step 1: Calculate the prescribed dose in mg
Dose = 0.5 mg/kg × 90 kg = 45 mg per dose
Step 2: Use the concentration to find the volume (mL) needed
Drug D is available as 25 mg per 5 mL
Set up a proportion:
25 mg / 5 mL = 45 mg / x mL
Step 3: Solve for x
x = (45 × 5) ÷ 25 = 225 ÷ 25 = 9
Final Answer:
9 mL per dose
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Do not use positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP):PEEP is commonly used in ARDS management to prevent alveolar collapse and improve oxygenation. It helps keep the airways open during expiration, which is critical for patients with ARDS.
B. Use high rates of ventilation: High ventilation rates are generally avoided in ARDS as they can increase the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. ARDS patients require controlled ventilation with careful attention to oxygen levels and carbon dioxide removal, not excessive ventilation rates.
C. Place client in Trendelenburg position: The Trendelenburg position (head down, feet elevated) is not recommended for ARDS patients. This position can increase intracranial pressure and may worsen oxygenation. The prone position is preferred for ARDS management to improve oxygenation.
D. Use low but adequate tidal volume: In ARDS, a low tidal volume strategy (typically 6 mL/kg of ideal body weight) is recommended to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. It helps prevent overdistension of the alveoli and improves lung protection, which is crucial for ARDS patients.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.