During antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, a female patient develops a vaginal yeast infection. What caused this?

Resistance of the pneumonia-causing bacteria to the drugs

Large doses of antibiotics that kill normal vaginal flora

The infection spreads from the lungs to the new site of infection

An allergic reaction to the antibiotics

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Resistance of pneumonia-causing bacteria does not cause vaginal yeast infections. Resistance reduces antibiotic efficacy against the target pathogen, but yeast infections result from disruption of vaginal flora, allowing Candida overgrowth, not from bacterial resistance in the lungs.

Choice B reason: Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, kill normal vaginal flora like Lactobacillus, which maintain an acidic environment inhibiting Candida albicans. This disruption allows yeast overgrowth, causing vaginal candidiasis, a common side effect of antibiotic therapy for infections like pneumonia, requiring antifungal treatment.

Choice C reason: Pneumonia pathogens do not spread to cause vaginal yeast infections. Candida, a fungal organism, causes yeast infections due to flora imbalance, not bacterial spread from the lungs. Pneumonia and vaginal infections have distinct etiologies, making this an incorrect cause.

Choice D reason: An allergic reaction to antibiotics may cause rashes or anaphylaxis but not vaginal yeast infections. Yeast infections result from microbial imbalance, not immune-mediated hypersensitivity. Candida overgrowth is a microbial, not allergic, response to antibiotic-induced flora disruption.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Moon face, a hallmark of long-term prednisone use, results from fat redistribution due to corticosteroid-induced metabolic changes. Prednisone promotes lipogenesis in facial and neck areas, causing a rounded, puffy appearance. This Cushingoid feature is a common, visible side effect of prolonged systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Choice B reason: Weight loss is not typical with long-term prednisone therapy. Prednisone increases appetite and promotes fat deposition, leading to weight gain, not loss. Catabolic effects on muscle may occur, but overall weight gain, including fluid retention, is more characteristic, making this incorrect.

Choice C reason: Pale skin color is not a common effect of prednisone. Corticosteroids can cause skin thinning or bruising due to reduced collagen synthesis, but pallor is not typical. Hyperpigmentation may occur in some cases, but moon face is the primary appearance-related side effect of long-term use.

Choice D reason: Hair loss is not a primary side effect of prednisone. Corticosteroids may cause hirsutism or thinning skin, but hair loss is more associated with chemotherapy or other drugs. Prednisone’s metabolic effects lead to fat redistribution, like moon face, rather than alopecia, making this incorrect.

A. Grapefruit juice B. Bran muffins C. Licorice D. Dairy products

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Grapefruit juice inhibits hepatic CYP3A4, increasing plasma levels of statins like simvastatin, which are metabolized by this enzyme. This can lead to toxicity, including myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. Patients on antilipemic therapy must avoid grapefruit juice to prevent excessive drug accumulation and adverse effects.

Choice B reason: Bran muffins, high in fiber, do not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs like statins. Fiber may reduce cholesterol absorption, complementing therapy, but it does not affect drug metabolism or efficacy, making it an irrelevant food interaction to discuss for antilipemic therapy.

Choice C reason: Licorice may cause hypokalemia or hypertension, affecting drugs like diuretics, but it has no major interaction with antilipemics like statins. Its effects on mineralocorticoid activity are unrelated to cholesterol-lowering drug metabolism, making it less relevant for antilipemic therapy education.

Choice D reason: Dairy products do not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs. They may affect absorption of bile acid sequestrants, but statins, the most common antilipemics, are unaffected. Grapefruit juice’s impact on statin metabolism is a more critical drug-food interaction to address with patients.

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During antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, a female patient develops a vaginal yeast infection. What caused this?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is concerned about the body changes that have resulted from long-term prednisone therapy for the treatment of asthma. Which expected effect of this drug therapy would cause a change in the patient’s appearance?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

When teaching a patient who is beginning antilipemic therapy about possible drug-food interactions, the nurse will discuss which food?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A 79-year-old patient is receiving levofloxacin as treatment for a complicated infection. The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect that is associated with this drug?

The nurse is providing instructions to a patient who has a new prescription for a corticosteroid metered-dose inhaler. Which statement by the patient indicates that further instruction is needed? (Select all that apply)

The nurse is counseling a woman who will be starting rifampin. The patient is currently taking oral contraceptives. Which statement is true regarding rifampin therapy for this patient?

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed prednisone. The nurse checks the patient’s medical history knowing that this therapy is contraindicated in which disorder?

The prescriber has changed the patient’s medication regimen to include the leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) montelukast to treat asthma. The nurse will emphasize which point about this medication?

Which antifungal drug is used topically to treat fungal infections like athlete’s foot?

The nurse is preparing to administer heparin intravenously (IV). Which response by the nurse would be appropriate when the patient asks when the medication will start working?