Which antifungal drug is used topically to treat fungal infections like athlete’s foot?

Itraconazole

Ketoconazole

Terbinafine

Amphotericin B

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Itraconazole is a systemic antifungal used for infections like histoplasmosis. It inhibits ergosterol synthesis but is not typically used topically for athlete’s foot due to its oral or intravenous administration. Its systemic use carries risks like hepatotoxicity, making it unsuitable for localized dermatophyte infections.

Choice B reason: Ketoconazole is available as a topical cream but is less commonly used for athlete’s foot compared to terbinafine. It inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis and is effective for cutaneous infections, but its topical use is more associated with seborrheic dermatitis or candidiasis, not primarily tinea pedis.

Choice C reason: Terbinafine is a topical antifungal commonly used for athlete’s foot (tinea pedis). It inhibits squalene epoxidase, disrupting fungal cell membrane synthesis, leading to fungal death. Its topical application effectively treats dermatophyte infections like Trichophyton, making it a first-line choice for localized fungal infections.

Choice D reason: Amphotericin B is a systemic antifungal used for severe fungal infections. It binds to ergosterol, causing fungal cell lysis, but is not used topically for athlete’s foot due to its toxicity and intravenous administration. It is reserved for life-threatening systemic infections, not cutaneous conditions.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Resistance of pneumonia-causing bacteria does not cause vaginal yeast infections. Resistance reduces antibiotic efficacy against the target pathogen, but yeast infections result from disruption of vaginal flora, allowing Candida overgrowth, not from bacterial resistance in the lungs.

Choice B reason: Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, kill normal vaginal flora like Lactobacillus, which maintain an acidic environment inhibiting Candida albicans. This disruption allows yeast overgrowth, causing vaginal candidiasis, a common side effect of antibiotic therapy for infections like pneumonia, requiring antifungal treatment.

Choice C reason: Pneumonia pathogens do not spread to cause vaginal yeast infections. Candida, a fungal organism, causes yeast infections due to flora imbalance, not bacterial spread from the lungs. Pneumonia and vaginal infections have distinct etiologies, making this an incorrect cause.

Choice D reason: An allergic reaction to antibiotics may cause rashes or anaphylaxis but not vaginal yeast infections. Yeast infections result from microbial imbalance, not immune-mediated hypersensitivity. Candida overgrowth is a microbial, not allergic, response to antibiotic-induced flora disruption.

A. Albuterol is considered “long-acting” and salmeterol is considered “short-acting.” B. Albuterol is considered “short-acting” and salmeterol is considered “long-acting.” C. Salmeterol’s effects last for 3 to 4 hours, and albuterol has an extended duration of action up to 12 hours. D. Because of the onset of action, albuterol should not be used during an acute attack of asthma, but instead, salmeterol should be used.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA), with effects lasting 4-6 hours, while salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA), lasting up to 12 hours. This statement reverses their durations, making it incorrect, as albuterol is used for acute relief, not maintenance.

Choice B reason: Albuterol, a SABA, acts within minutes and lasts 4-6 hours, ideal for acute asthma relief. Salmeterol, a LABA, has a slower onset (20-30 minutes) and lasts 12 hours, used for maintenance. This pharmacodynamic difference in duration makes this the correct statement.

Choice C reason: Salmeterol’s effects last up to 12 hours, not 3-4 hours, and albuterol’s duration is 4-6 hours, not 12 hours. This statement inaccurately describes their pharmacodynamic profiles, as salmeterol is long-acting and albuterol is short-acting, making it incorrect.

Choice D reason: Albuterol’s rapid onset (within minutes) makes it ideal for acute asthma attacks, while salmeterol’s slow onset (20-30 minutes) makes it unsuitable for acute relief. This statement is incorrect, as albuterol, not salmeterol, is the first-line rescue medication for asthma exacerbations.

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Which antifungal drug is used topically to treat fungal infections like athlete’s foot?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, a female patient develops a vaginal yeast infection. What caused this?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement describes a pharmacodynamic difference between albuterol and salmeterol?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Which antifungal drug is used topically to treat fungal infections like athlete’s foot?