The prescriber has changed the patient’s medication regimen to include montelukast to treat asthma. The nurse will emphasize which point about this medication?

When the asthma symptoms improve, the dosage schedule can be tapered and eventually discontinued.

The proper technique for inhalation must be followed.

The patient needs to always keep it close by to treat acute asthma attacks.

It needs to be taken every day on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is not typically tapered or discontinued when symptoms improve. It is used for chronic asthma management to prevent exacerbations by blocking leukotriene-mediated inflammation. Discontinuing it prematurely may lead to symptom recurrence, as it does not provide acute relief.

Choice B reason: Montelukast is an oral medication, not an inhaler, so inhalation technique is irrelevant. It blocks leukotriene D4 receptors to reduce airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Proper administration involves daily oral dosing, and no inhalation device is required, making this instruction incorrect for montelukast.

Choice C reason: Montelukast is not used for acute asthma attacks, as its onset is too slow (hours to days). It is a maintenance therapy that prevents inflammation, not a rescue medication like albuterol. Patients should carry short-acting beta-agonists, not montelukast, for acute symptom relief.

Choice D reason: Montelukast must be taken daily on a continuous schedule to maintain its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking leukotriene receptors, even if asthma symptoms improve. Consistent use prevents exacerbations and maintains airway stability, as its mechanism relies on sustained leukotriene inhibition to control chronic asthma symptoms effectively.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Carbapenems, like imipenem, are broad-spectrum antibiotics reserved for severe, multidrug-resistant infections. They are not first-line for uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to their potency and risk of promoting resistance. Sulfonamides are more commonly used for UTIs due to their efficacy and specificity.

Choice B reason: Sulfonamides, like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, are especially useful for urinary tract infections. They inhibit bacterial folate synthesis, targeting pathogens like Escherichia coli, a common UTI cause. Their concentration in urine enhances efficacy, making them a first-line choice for uncomplicated UTIs in susceptible organisms.

Choice C reason: Tetracyclines, like doxycycline, are not typically used for urinary tract infections. They are effective for other infections, like chlamydia, but their spectrum and renal clearance make them less ideal for common UTI pathogens like E. coli compared to sulfonamides or nitrofurantoin.

Choice D reason: Macrolides, like erythromycin, are used for respiratory or soft tissue infections, not primarily for urinary tract infections. They have limited activity against common UTI pathogens like E. coli and do not concentrate effectively in urine, making sulfonamides a more appropriate choice.

A. Delayed growth development B. Permanent discoloration of the teeth C. Drug-induced neurotoxicity D. Gastrointestinal and rectal bleeding

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Delayed growth development is not a primary adverse effect of tetracycline in children. Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis and may affect bone growth minimally, but this is not well-documented. Their primary concern in children under 8 is tooth discoloration, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Tetracycline use in children under 8 causes permanent tooth discoloration by binding to calcium in developing teeth, forming a yellow-gray stain. This occurs during tooth enamel formation, making it a significant adverse effect, as the discoloration is irreversible, requiring cosmetic dental intervention.

Choice C reason: Drug-induced neurotoxicity is not a common effect of tetracycline. While tetracyclines can cause rare side effects like intracranial hypertension, neurotoxicity is more associated with drugs like aminoglycosides. Tooth discoloration is the primary concern in children, making this an incorrect choice.

Choice D reason: Gastrointestinal and rectal bleeding are not typical tetracycline side effects. Tetracyclines may cause gastrointestinal upset, like nausea, but bleeding is more associated with anticoagulants or NSAIDs. In children, tooth discoloration is the most significant adverse effect, making this choice incorrect.

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The prescriber has changed the patient’s medication regimen to include montelukast to treat asthma. The nurse will emphasize which point about this medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has a urinary tract infection. The nurse knows which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which adverse effect can result if tetracycline is administered to children younger than 8 years of age?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

If a patient is taking fluconazole with warfarin, the nurse will monitor for which possible interaction?

The nurse is discussing adverse effects of antitubercular drugs with a patient who has active tuberculosis. Which potential adverse effect of antitubercular drug therapy should the patient report to the prescriber?

During antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, a female patient develops a vaginal yeast infection. What caused this?

Which drug has a quick onset of action and is recommended for use during an acute asthma attack or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation?

A patient has been taking antitubercular therapy for 3 months. The nurse will assess for what findings that indicate a therapeutic response to the drug therapy?

A patient is receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy but tells the nurse that she has never traveled out of her city. The nurse knows that a possible reason for this drug therapy is which of these conditions?

Which of the following antibiotics is associated with a risk of tendon rupture?

Which drugs are anticholinergic? (Select all that apply)