During labor a fetus with an average heart rate of 135 beats/min over a 10-minute period would be considered to have:

In DIC, there is widespread clotting that can lead to depletion of clotting factors and platelets, resulting in bleeding. The priority in the care of DIC is to correct the underlying cause and to replace lost blood products to prevent hypovolemia and hemorrhage. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate an order for the administration of blood products such as packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets. Administration of steroids may also be ordered to reduce inflammation and stabilize cell membranes. Restriction of intravascular fluids may be necessary to prevent further bleeding, but it is not the first priority. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring may be used to assess the client's fluid and electrolyte status, but it is not typically the first intervention.

Based on the provided information, the probable diagnosis for the spontaneous abortion in this woman would be a threatened abortion, since the cervix is closed and there is no evidence of expulsion of fetal or placental tissue. A threatened abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding occurring before the 20th week of gestation, with a closed cervical os, and no expulsion of fetal or placental tissue.

The other types of spontaneous abortion are defined as follows:

B. Inevitable abortion: vaginal bleeding and cramping with an open cervical os, with or without expulsion of fetal or placental tissue

C. Missed abortion: fetal demise without expulsion of fetal tissue, and may be associated with a closed cervical os and absence of uterine contractions

D. Incomplete abortion: partial expulsion of fetal or placental tissue, with or without vaginal bleeding, and may be associated with an open cervical os and uterine contractions