During ocular examinations, what should the nurse keep in mind regarding the movement of the extraocular muscles?
Is impaired in a patient with cataracts.
Is always decreased in the older adult.
Is stimulated by cranial nerves (CNS) I and II.
Is stimulated by CNS III, IV, and VI.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Is impaired in a patient with cataracts: Cataracts primarily cause lens opacity, leading to blurry vision and reduced acuity. They do not directly affect extraocular muscle function, which is controlled by cranial nerves rather than the lens.
B. Is always decreased in the older adult: Aging can cause minor changes in eye movement speed and coordination, but significant impairment is not inevitable. Extraocular muscle function remains intact unless affected by neurological conditions such as cranial nerve palsy.
C. Is stimulated by cranial nerves (CNS) I and II: Cranial nerve I (olfactory) is responsible for smell, and cranial nerve II (optic) transmits visual signals to the brain. Neither nerve controls eye movement, which is instead governed by different cranial nerves.
D. Is stimulated by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI: The oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves control extraocular muscle movement. They coordinate eye positioning, alignment, and smooth tracking, ensuring proper function of the visual system.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Maxillary sinuses reach full size after puberty: While maxillary sinuses continue to grow throughout childhood, they are present at birth and reach adult size during late adolescence. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses, rather than the maxillary, experience more significant postnatal development.
B. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the only sinuses present at birth: At birth, only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are developed. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses begin to develop later in infancy and childhood, with full maturation occurring in adolescence.
C. Frontal sinuses are fairly well developed at birth: Frontal sinuses do not develop until around 7 to 8 years of age and continue growing into adolescence. They are absent or rudimentary in newborns.
D. Sphenoid sinuses are full size at birth: The sphenoid sinuses begin developing around 2 to 3 years of age and continue growing into late childhood and adolescence. They are not present at birth.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Once the speculum is in the ear, releasing the traction: Releasing traction too soon can lead to collapse of the ear canal, obstructing the view of the tympanic membrane. Maintaining traction throughout the examination ensures a clear view and prevents discomfort.
B. Pulling the pinna up and back before inserting the speculum: The correct technique for an adult involves pulling the pinna up and back to straighten the external auditory canal, allowing for an unobstructed view of the tympanic membrane. In children under three, the pinna is pulled down and back due to the more horizontal orientation of the ear canal.
C. Tilt the person's head forward during the examination: The head should remain upright or slightly tilted away from the examiner to provide better access to the ear canal. Tilting forward is unnecessary and may not improve visualization.
D. Using the smallest speculum to decrease the amount of discomfort: A speculum that is too small may not provide a sufficient view of the tympanic membrane. The largest speculum that comfortably fits should be used to allow for optimal visualization.
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