During ocular examinations, what should the nurse keep in mind regarding the movement of the extraocular muscles?

Is impaired in a patient with cataracts.

Is always decreased in the older adult.

Is stimulated by cranial nerves (CNS) I and II.

Is stimulated by CNS III, IV, and VI.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Is impaired in a patient with cataracts: Cataracts primarily cause lens opacity, leading to blurry vision and reduced acuity. They do not directly affect extraocular muscle function, which is controlled by cranial nerves rather than the lens.

B. Is always decreased in the older adult: Aging can cause minor changes in eye movement speed and coordination, but significant impairment is not inevitable. Extraocular muscle function remains intact unless affected by neurological conditions such as cranial nerve palsy.

C. Is stimulated by cranial nerves (CNS) I and II: Cranial nerve I (olfactory) is responsible for smell, and cranial nerve II (optic) transmits visual signals to the brain. Neither nerve controls eye movement, which is instead governed by different cranial nerves.

D. Is stimulated by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI: The oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), and abducens (VI) nerves control extraocular muscle movement. They coordinate eye positioning, alignment, and smooth tracking, ensuring proper function of the visual system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Loss of the outer hair on the eyebrows attributable to a decrease in hair follicles: It is normal for older adults to experience changes in hair growth, including loss of eyebrow hair due to a decrease in hair follicles. This finding is considered a typical age-related change and not abnormal.

B. Unequal pupillary constriction in response to light: This finding is considered abnormal and may indicate a potential neurological issue or damage to the optic or oculomotor nerves. Normal pupillary response should be equal and reactive to light, so any discrepancy in pupillary constriction warrants further evaluation.

C. Decrease in tear production: A decrease in tear production is common in older adults due to age-related changes in lacrimal gland function. This condition, known as dry eye syndrome, is not considered abnormal for this age group.

D. Presence of arcus senilis observed around the cornea: Arcus senilis is characterized by a gray or white ring around the cornea due to lipid deposits and is commonly seen in older adults. While it may indicate elevated cholesterol levels in younger individuals, its presence in elderly patients is usually not abnormal.

A. Papillae B. Uvula C. Palate D. Frenulum

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Papillae: Papillae are small, nipple-like projections on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds and help with the texture of food. They do not connect the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

B. Uvula: The uvula is the small, fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the throat. It plays a role in speech and swallowing but is not connected to the tongue.

C. Palate: The palate forms the roof of the mouth and separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. It includes both the hard palate (anterior) and soft palate (posterior), but it does not connect the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

D. Frenulum: The frenulum is a thin fold of tissue that connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This structure helps stabilize the tongue and allows for proper movement during speech and swallowing.

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During ocular examinations, what should the nurse keep in mind regarding the movement of the extraocular muscles?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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