During the process of collecting a comprehensive medical history from a client who has been admitted with pyelonephritis, which of the following symptoms or historical details would the nurse most likely expect the client to report?
A history of chronic headaches and migraines
A history of gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome
A history of cardiovascular problems such as hypertension
A history of frequent urinary tract infections
The Correct Answer is D
A. A history of chronic headaches and migraines: While chronic headaches and migraines can affect overall health, they are not directly related to pyelonephritis.
B. A history of gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome: Gastrointestinal issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are generally unrelated to kidney function or urinary tract infections.
C. A history of cardiovascular problems such as hypertension: While hypertension can have indirect effects on renal function, it is not a common historical detail specifically associated with pyelonephritis.
D. A history of frequent urinary tract infections: Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant risk factor for developing pyelonephritis, as the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Eating contaminated food or water from an infected source can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C." This applies to hepatitis A, not hepatitis C. Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, whereas hepatitis C is bloodborne.
B. "Coming into contact with infected blood, such as from that of a dirty needle, can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C." Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, most commonly through sharing needles, blood transfusions before widespread blood screening, or needle-stick injuries.
C. "Coming into contact with an infected person's bodily fluids, such as saliva, can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C." Hepatitis C is not commonly spread through casual contact or saliva. The risk of transmission through bodily fluids other than blood is extremely low.
D. "Consuming a large amount of alcohol at one time can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C." Alcohol does not cause hepatitis C, though it can worsen liver damage in individuals already infected with the virus.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys: Inflammation is not the primary mechanism of decreased GFR in ATN. It is more related to cellular damage and dysfunction.
B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys: While reduced blood flow can contribute to acute kidney injury, the ongoing decline in GFR in ATN is due to tubular damage, not ongoing ischemia.
C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down: Obstruction is not the key issue in ATN; rather, it’s the tubular cell injury that disrupts filtration.
D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) involves damage to the renal tubular cells, which disrupts the ability of the nephrons to filter blood efficiently. This cellular injury is the primary cause of the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ATN.
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