A female presents to the clinic with complaints of dysuria and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following findings on physical examination would most likely support a diagnosis of cystitis?

Costovertebral angle tenderness

Suprapubic tenderness

Abdominal distention

Lower extremity edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Costovertebral angle tenderness: Costovertebral angle tenderness is more indicative of pyelonephritis (kidney infection) rather than cystitis, as it signals an upper urinary tract infection.

B. Suprapubic tenderness: Suprapubic tenderness is a classic sign of cystitis. This symptom, combined with dysuria and increased urinary frequency, strongly supports the diagnosis.

C. Abdominal distention: Abdominal distention is not typically associated with cystitis. It may suggest other conditions like bowel obstruction or ascites.

D. Lower extremity edema: Lower extremity edema is not a common finding in cystitis. It is more associated with systemic conditions like heart failure or kidney disease.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A history of chronic headaches and migraines: While chronic headaches and migraines can affect overall health, they are not directly related to pyelonephritis.

B. A history of gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome: Gastrointestinal issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are generally unrelated to kidney function or urinary tract infections.

C. A history of cardiovascular problems such as hypertension: While hypertension can have indirect effects on renal function, it is not a common historical detail specifically associated with pyelonephritis.

D. A history of frequent urinary tract infections: Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant risk factor for developing pyelonephritis, as the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys.

A. Flush the T-tube with sterile water every 6 hours to maintain patency. B. Clamp the T-tube for 12 hours each day to reduce bile flow C. Secure the T-tube to the patient's gown to prevent accidental dislodgement. D. Maintain the drainage bag below the level of the abdomen to promote gravity drainage.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Flush the T-tube with sterile water every 6 hours to maintain patency: T-tubes are generally not flushed unless prescribed by a healthcare provider because flushing can introduce bacteria and cause complications. Patency is typically maintained by gravity drainage alone.

B. Clamp the T-tube for 12 hours each day to reduce bile flow: Clamping the T-tube is not routinely recommended for such long periods unless directed by the healthcare provider. Clamping is usually done gradually, often for 1-2 hours, to assess the patient’s ability to tolerate bile drainage naturally before tube removal.

C. Secure the T-tube to the patient's gown to prevent accidental dislodgement: While securing the T-tube prevents accidental dislodgement, the tube should be taped to the skin rather than the gown, as attaching it to clothing can increase the risk of unintentional dislodgement with movement.

D. Maintain the drainage bag below the level of the abdomen to promote gravity drainage. This is the correct answer because positioning the drainage bag below the abdomen allows for gravity to assist in the flow of bile from the bile duct, preventing backup and promoting proper drainage.

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A female presents to the clinic with complaints of dysuria and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following findings on physical examination would most likely support a diagnosis of cystitis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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