Eight years after beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART), a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection has a CD4+ cell count of 81 cell/L and an "undetectable" viral load. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care?

Advise the client that they are currently at high risk for transmitting the disease.

Encourage adequate nutrition. exercise, sleep. and standard infection prevention practices.

Encourage antibiotic prophylaxis to keep viral load from elevating,

Inform the client that they have been cured of their condition and will no longer require treatment.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. An "undetectable" viral load means the risk of HIV transmission is significantly reduced ("Undetectable = Untransmittable" or U=U), though precautions should still be followed.

B. Clients with a low CD4+ count (<200 cells/µL) are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. Encouraging a healthy lifestyle and infection prevention helps maintain immune function.

C. Antibiotic prophylaxis is considered for clients with CD4+ counts <200 cells/µL, but it does not prevent viral load elevation.

D. There is no cure for HIV; lifelong ART is required to maintain viral suppression.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The priority action is to stop the transfusion immediately and disconnect the blood tubing to prevent further infusion of the possibly incompatible blood product. The nurse should then maintain IV access with normal saline using new tubing.

B. Slowing the transfusion is inappropriate; any signs of a transfusion reaction require stopping it immediately.

C. The provider and blood bank should be notified, but stopping the transfusion is the priority.

D. Epinephrine is used for anaphylactic reactions with airway involvement. The nurse should assess further before administering it.

A. “After the initial infection. you may become asymptomatic for a long time until your CD4+ Tell count nears 200.” B. “Your Symptoms will come back once your CD4• Tell count reaches around 500." C. “You won't have any more signs and symptoms until your CD4• cell count IS undetectable." D. “This means you cannot transmit the disease during this time."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. After initial HIV infection, clients typically enter a latent phase where symptoms subside, but the virus continues to replicate. This phase can last for years before progressing to AIDS when the CD4+ T-cell count drops below 200.

B. Symptoms generally do not correlate with a CD4+ count of 500; mild immunosuppression may begin at this level, but the client remains asymptomatic.

C. The virus is still active and causing immune system damage, even when symptoms are absent.

D. HIV transmission can still occur during the asymptomatic phase, especially if viral load is detectable.

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Eight years after beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART), a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection has a CD4+ cell count of 81 cell/L and an "undetectable" viral load. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care?

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should assess further before administering it.