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Exhibits

Which education by the nurse will help resolve the issue for the client? Select all that apply.

Wear an underwire bra around the clock.

Apply warm compresses to affected area before feeding.

Pump breasts if feeding will be missed, due to absence from the infant.

Pump breastmilk and feed it to infant instead of nursing.

Finish antibiotics even if symptoms improve.

Maintain activity due to the risk of blood clots with extra rest.

Wash hands before handling the breast.

Start infant on the unaffected side, so there is less pain when infant is the hungriest.

Vary breastfeeding positions at each feeding.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E,G,H,I

A.   Wear an underwire bra around the clock. Tight-fitting bras, especially underwire bras, can contribute to milk stasis by restricting milk flow and increasing the risk of clogged ducts. Instead, the client should wear a well-fitted, supportive bra without underwire to promote comfort and adequate milk drainage.
B.   Apply warm compresses to affected area before feeding. Warm compresses help increase circulation, promote milk let-down, and relieve pain in cases of mastitis. Applying warmth before breastfeeding can help soften the breast and improve milk flow, reducing milk stasis.
C.   Pump breasts if feeding will be missed, due to absence from the infant. Milk stasis occurs when the breast is not emptied regularly, increasing the risk of mastitis. Pumping or hand-expressing milk when unable to breastfeed prevents engorgement and reduces the likelihood of infection.
D.   Pump breastmilk and feed it to infant instead of nursing. Direct breastfeeding is preferred unless the pain is too severe or an abscess has formed. Pumping can be beneficial to relieve engorgement, but exclusive pumping is not necessary in mastitis unless advised by a healthcare provider. Continued direct breastfeeding helps clear infection by draining the affected breast.
E.   Finish antibiotics even if symptoms improve. Mastitis is commonly treated with antibiotics, and completing the full course prevents recurrence and antibiotic resistance. Stopping antibiotics early can lead to incomplete eradication of bacteria and persistent infection.
F.   Maintain activity due to the risk of blood clots with extra rest. Rest is essential for recovery from infection, and while postpartum clients have a slightly higher risk for blood clots, moderate rest should be encouraged. The client should engage in light activity as tolerated but should not avoid rest, as fatigue can contribute to a weakened immune response.
G.   Wash hands before handling the breast. Mastitis can be caused by bacterial contamination from the skin, baby’s mouth, or hands. Proper hand hygiene before breastfeeding or pumping reduces the risk of introducing bacteria into milk ducts and worsening the infection.
H.   Start infant on the unaffected side, so there is less pain when infant is the hungriest. Babies suck more vigorously at the beginning of a feeding. Starting on the unaffected side reduces pain and discomfort in the affected breast while ensuring the infant is still able to empty both breasts adequately.
I.   Vary breastfeeding positions at each feeding. Different nursing positions help ensure all milk ducts are effectively drained, reducing the risk of continued milk stasis. Positions such as cradle hold, football hold, or side-lying nursing can improve drainage in different areas of the breast.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Give blow-by oxygen via cannula. Blow-by oxygen is used for neonates who are breathing spontaneously but need supplemental oxygen. Since this newborn remains apneic despite stimulation, oxygen alone will not be sufficient to establish effective respiration.
B. Start IV infusion in a scalp vein. IV access may be needed later for medications or fluids, but the immediate priority is establishing effective breathing. Without adequate ventilation, oxygen delivery to tissues will be compromised, making IV interventions secondary.
C. Assist neonatologist with intubation. Intubation is reserved for neonates who fail to respond to positive pressure ventilation (PPV) or who require prolonged respiratory support. Since this newborn has a heart rate of 100 bpm and is apneic, PPV should be initiated first to stimulate breathing before considering intubation.
D. Provide positive pressure ventilation. PPV is the priority intervention for a newborn who remains apneic despite initial stimulation. A heart rate of 100 bpm is reassuring, but without spontaneous breathing, PPV is necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent further deterioration. Neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend starting PPV within the first minute of life if the infant does not establish effective respirations.

A. Giving pain medication around the clock helps control the pain. B. The use of hot baths can be used as an alternative for pain medication. C. The child should be encouraged to rest when experiencing pain. D. Encourage quiet activities such as watching television as a pain distracter.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Giving pain medication around the clock helps control the pain. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause persistent joint pain and stiffness. Administering pain medication on a scheduled basis, rather than waiting for severe pain, helps maintain consistent pain control, reduces inflammation, and improves mobility. This approach prevents pain from becoming severe, which can be harder to manage and may lead to joint damage or decreased function.
B. The use of hot baths can be used as an alternative for pain medication. Warm baths can help relieve joint stiffness and improve comfort, but they do not replace the need for scheduled pain management. While non-pharmacologic interventions are helpful, they should be used in combination with appropriate medication to ensure adequate pain relief and prevent long-term complications.
C. The child should be encouraged to rest when experiencing pain. While adequate rest is important, excessive inactivity can worsen stiffness and joint contractures in children with JIA. A balance between rest and activity, including gentle exercises and physical therapy, is crucial to maintaining joint mobility and preventing functional impairment.
D. Encourage quiet activities such as watching television as a pain distracter. Distraction techniques can help with coping, but they do not address the underlying inflammatory pain associated with JIA. Effective pain management requires both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies to ensure the child's comfort and ability to participate in daily activities.

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Exhibits Which education by the nurse will help resolve the issue for the client? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Exhibits

Which education by the nurse will help resolve the issue for the client? Select all that apply.