Females have more urinary tract infections than men because of all of the following except____.
being sexually active
shorter ureter
all of the above are reasons
improper toileting habits
The Correct Answer is B
A. being sexually active: Intercourse can facilitate the movement of bacteria from the perineal region into the external urethral orifice, a phenomenon often referred to as "honeymoon cystitis." This mechanical action increases the risk of bladder colonization. It is a well-documented behavioral factor contributing to the higher incidence of UTIs in women.
B. shorter ureter: The ureters are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, and their length is relatively similar between sexes based on torso height. The factor that actually increases UTI risk is the shorter female urethra, not the ureter. A shorter urethra provides a much easier path for bacteria to reach the bladder.
C. all of the above are reasons: Since the statement regarding the "shorter ureter" is anatomically incorrect in the context of causing infections, this "all of the above" choice is invalidated. The primary anatomical vulnerability is related to the length of the urethra. Distinguishing between these two different tubular structures is essential for clinical accuracy.
D. improper toileting habits: Wiping from posterior to anterior can relocate enteric bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, from the anal region to the urethral opening. Due to the proximity of the anus and the urethra in females, this habit significantly increases the risk of ascending infections. This is a common preventable cause of recurrent cystitis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. angiotensinogen + renin, angiotensin I + ACE, angiotensin II: Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells and cleaves the plasma protein angiotensinogen into the decapeptide angiotensin 1. Subsequently, angiotensin-converting enzyme, primarily located in the pulmonary vascular endothelium, converts angiotensin 1 into the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2. This represents the correct biochemical sequence of the systemic pressor response.
B. angiotensinogen + ACE, angiotensin I + renin, angiotensin II: Angiotensin-converting enzyme does not act upon angiotensinogen; its specific substrate is angiotensin 1. Renin must act first to provide the necessary precursor for the converting enzyme. This sequence incorrectly identifies the enzyme-substrate relationships required for the production of the active hormone.
C. angiotensin I + ACE, angiotensinogen + renin, angiotensin II: This arrangement suggests that the conversion of angiotensin 1 occurs before the initial cleavage of angiotensinogen. In physiology, angiotensinogen is the constitutive precursor that must be activated by renin before any subsequent steps can take place. The cascade must follow the order of initial enzymatic activation.
D. angiotensin + renin, angiotensinogen +ACE, angiotensin II: Renin acts specifically on the globular protein angiotensinogen, which is produced by the liver, not on a generic "angiotensin" molecule. Additionally, the converting enzyme acts downstream of the renin step. This choice mislabels the precursor proteins and reverses the necessary order of the metabolic pathway.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells: While some substances like mannitol act as osmotic diuretics because they remain in the tubule lumen, alcohol follows a different physiological pathway. Alcohol is a lipid-soluble molecule that can diffuse across membranes rather than relying on tubular transport inhibition. Its diuretic effect is neuroendocrine in origin rather than purely osmotic.
B. increases the rate of glomerular filtration: Although alcohol can cause minor changes in systemic blood pressure, it does not significantly increase the glomerular filtration rate as its primary mode of action. A slight increase in flow would not account for the profound volume of dilute urine produced. The primary diuretic effect occurs later in the distal segments of the nephron.
C. increases secretion of ADH: Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone would result in the insertion of aquaporins and the retention of water, leading to concentrated urine. This is the opposite of the clinical effect observed with alcohol consumption. Stimulating ADH would prevent diuresis rather than promote it, leading to fluid volume expansion.
D. inhibits the release of ADH: Ethanol directly suppresses the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract, reducing the secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary. Without ADH, the collecting ducts remain impermeable to water, preventing reabsorption and resulting in the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. This inhibition is the primary cause of alcohol-induced dehydration.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.