Heather, a 70 year old in good health, is beginning to have trouble hearing, especially during conversations. Her difficulty cannot be attributed to injury or disease. Heather's hearing difficulties are most likely a result of which of the following?
Presbyopia
Tinnitus
Presbycusis
Atherosclerosis
Stroke
The Correct Answer is C
A. Presbyopia: Presbyopia is age-related difficulty focusing on near objects (vision), not hearing.
B. Tinnitus: Tinnitus is ringing in the ears (symptom), not the age-related hearing loss Heather is experiencing.
C. Presbycusis: presbycusis is age-related sensorineural hearing loss common in healthy older adults, affecting conversational hearing.
D. Atherosclerosis: Vascular disease can affect hearing indirectly but is not the typical age-related, non-disease explanation.
E. Stroke: Stroke can cause sudden hearing/neurological deficits, but Heather’s gradual, age-related decline fits presbycusis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Damaging property: This is an example of physical or overt aggression (property aggression), not relational aggression.
B. Spreading nasty rumors: Relational aggression harms social relationships (rumors, exclusion, gossip) rather than using physical force.
C. Raising one's voice: Raising one’s voice is verbal/hostile behavior but not necessarily relational aggression (it’s more overt/verbal).
D. Kicking the wall: Physical expression of anger (non-social physical aggression), not relational.
E. Throwing punches: Physical/overt aggression, not relational (social/relational harm).
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A decrease in crystallized intelligence: Crystallized intelligence (knowledge, vocabulary) is typically preserved or increases with age, so this is unlikely.
B. Hearing loss: Hearing loss can slow conversational response, but Carol usually answers correctly (just slowly), suggesting cognitive processing slowdown rather than a perceptual problem.
C. A decrease in processing speed: age-related slowing of processing speed commonly causes slower retrieval and response times while accuracy remains relatively intact.
D. Intellectual disability: Intellectual disability is lifelong and present from childhood, so it doesn’t explain late-life onset of slow word retrieval.
E. Dementia: Dementia would produce broader and progressively worsening impairment (memory, judgment); isolated slow retrieval with preserved accuracy is more consistent with normal aging-related speed decline.
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