Heparin 7.,000 units is ordered. Heparin S.000 units per mL is available, How many milliliters (mL) should the nurse administer?

​​​​​​​(Do not round)

Choice A reason: Performing an in/out catheterization is not a suitable method to measure urine output for a 10-month old client with dehydration. An in/out catheterization is a procedure where a catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra, and the urine is drained and measured. This method is invasive, painful, and carries the risk of infection and trauma. It is usually reserved for clients who have urinary retention or obstruction, or who need a sterile urine sample.

Choice B reason: Inserting a Foley catheter is also not an appropriate method to measure urine output for a 10-month old client with dehydration. A Foley catheter is a type of catheter that stays in the bladder and drains the urine into a collection bag. This method is also invasive, painful, and carries the risk of infection and trauma. It is usually used for clients who have urinary incontinence, surgery, or long-term bed rest.

Choice C reason: Collecting the client's urine in a cup is not a feasible method to measure urine output for a 10-month old client with dehydration. A cup is not a reliable or accurate device to collect and measure urine, especially for a young child who may not be toilet trained or cooperative. It is also difficult to ensure that all the urine is collected in the cup, and that the cup is not contaminated by other fluids or substances.

Choice D reason: Counting the number of wet diapers is the best method to measure urine output for a 10-month old client with dehydration. This method is non-invasive, simple, and practical. It can provide an estimate of the urine volume and frequency, and indicate the hydration status of the child. The nurse should weigh the diapers before and after use, and record the difference in grams. One gram of weight equals one milliliter of urine. The nurse should also observe the color, odor, and concentration of the urine. The normal urine output for a child is 1 to 2 mL/kg/hour.

Choice A reason: Urine dipstick for glucose is not a reliable test to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Urine glucose testing can only detect glucose in the urine when the blood glucose level is very high, above the renal threshold of 180 mg/dL. Urine glucose testing does not reflect the average blood glucose level over time, and can be affected by factors such as hydration, medication, and urinary tract infections.

Choice B reason: Fasting blood glucose is a test that measures the blood glucose level after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. Fasting blood glucose is a useful test to diagnose diabetes, but it is not the best test to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Fasting blood glucose only reflects the blood glucose level at one point in time, and can vary depending on the time of day, the amount and type of food eaten, and the activity level.

Choice C reason: Oral glucose tolerance is a test that measures the blood glucose level before and after drinking a solution containing 75 g of glucose. Oral glucose tolerance is another test that can diagnose diabetes, but it is not the most convenient or accurate test to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance requires the patient to fast for at least 8 hours, drink the glucose solution, and have blood samples taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Oral glucose tolerance can also be influenced by factors such as stress, illness, medication, and menstrual cycle.

Choice D reason: Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1C) is a test that measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it. Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen. Red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days, so the hemoglobin A1C test reflects the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. Hemoglobin A1C is the best test to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for type 2 diabetes, as it shows how well the blood glucose level has been controlled over time, and is not affected by factors such as fasting, food intake, or daily fluctuations.