Exhibits
Select two conditions and two client finding to fill in each blank in the sentence. Separate using a comma.
The client has
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C","dropdown-group-3":"D","dropdown-group-4":"A"}
The client has inhaled smoke, which can cause respiratory problems such as airway obstruction, bronchospasm, and pulmonary edema. The client also has initial fluid shifts, which can lead to electrolyte imbalance such as hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis.
Choice A: inhaled smoke - respiratory problems
This is a correct choice. Inhaled smoke can damage the respiratory system by causing inflammation, edema, and carbon monoxide poisoning.
Choice B: initial fluid shifts - electrolyte imbalance
This is a correct choice. Initial fluid shifts occur when fluid moves from the intravascular space to the interstitial space due to increased capillary permeability. This can result in electrolyte imbalance such as low sodium, high potassium, and low bicarbonate levels.
Choice C: increased cardiac output - high blood sodium levels
This is an incorrect choice. Increased cardiac output is not a condition that occurs in burn patients. High blood sodium levels are not a common finding in burn patients either. High blood sodium levels can occur due to dehydration or excessive sodium intake.
Choice D: decreased catecholamines - hypometabolism
This is an incorrect choice. Decreased catecholamines are not a finding in burn patients. Catecholamines are hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism in response to stress. Burn patients have increased catecholamines due to pain and tissue injury. Hypometabolism is also not a condition that occurs in burn patients. Hypometabolism is a state of low metabolic rate that can occur due to starvation, hypothyroidism, or hypothermia. Burn patients have increased metabolism due to increased energy demands for wound healing and thermoregulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fasting blood sugar of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) indicates hyperglycemia, which is a high level of glucose in the blood. It can be caused by diabetes mellitus, stress, infection, or medication. Hyperglycemia can cause symptoms such as thirst, hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. However, it does not affect the safety or accuracy of MRI with contrast.
Choice B reason: Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c of 8% indicates poor glycemic control over the past three months. It can be caused by diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or hemoglobinopathy. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c reflects the average blood glucose level over the lifespan of red blood cells, which is about 120 days. However, it does not affect the safety or accuracy of MRI with contrast.
Choice C reason: Blood urea nitrogen of 22 mg/dL (7.9 mmol/L) indicates mild azotemia, which is a high level of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. It can be caused by dehydration, high protein intake, gastrointestinal bleeding, or kidney impairment. Azotemia can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, confusion, and lethargy. However, it does not affect the safety or accuracy of MRI with contrast.
Choice D reason: Serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dL (169 umol/L) indicates moderate renal insufficiency, which is a reduced ability of the kidneys to filter and excrete waste products and fluids from the body. It can be caused by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, or nephrotoxic drugs. Renal insufficiency can cause symptoms such as edema, anemia, electrolyte imbalance, and acidosis. It can also increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, which is a sudden deterioration of kidney function after exposure to contrast media used for imaging studies such as MRI. Contrast-induced nephropathy can lead to acute kidney injury, dialysis requirement, or even death. Therefore, serum creatinine should be reported to the healthcare provider before MRI with contrast to assess the risk and benefit of the procedure and to take preventive measures such as hydration, medication adjustment, or alternative imaging modalities.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Restriction of caloric intake is not a good change for a client with diabetes mellitus and an upper respiratory infection, because it can lead to hypoglycemia and malnutrition. The client needs adequate calories to maintain blood glucose levels and support immune function. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Fewer fingerstick glucose checks are not a good change for a client with diabetes mellitus and an upper respiratory infection, because they can lead to poor blood glucose control and complications. The client needs frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels to adjust insulin doses and prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Higher doses of insulin are a good change for a client with diabetes mellitus and an upper respiratory infection, because they can help lower blood glucose levels and prevent ketoacidosis. The client needs more insulin to overcome the increased insulin resistance caused by the infection and the stress hormones. Therefore, this choice is correct.
Choice D reason: Increased oral fluid intake is a good change for a client with diabetes mellitus and an upper respiratory infection, but it is not directly related to blood glucose management. The client needs more fluids to prevent dehydration and clear mucus from the respiratory tract. Therefore, this choice is not the best answer.
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