How does hypoventilation affect the blood's pH?

Less H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH.

More H and HCO3 form, increasing the blood's pH.

Less H and HCO3- form, decreasing the blood's pH.

More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

More H and HCO3 form, decreasing the blood's pH.

Rationale: Hypoventilation is a condition where the breathing rate is too slow or shallow, resulting in insufficient removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Therefore, when CO2 accumulates in the blood due to hypoventilation, more H2CO3 is formed, which lowers the blood's pH by increasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3-.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium due to chronic acid reflux. This can increase the risk of esophageal cancer and cause symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, and a sensation of a lump in the throat.

A. Cushing syndrome B. Addison disease. C. Graves’ disease D. Hashimoto thyroiditis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Cushing syndrome is a condition that occurs when the body is exposed to high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, blood pressure, immune function, and stress response.

However, excess cortisol can cause various problems, such as weight gain, moon face (round and puffy face), buffalo hump (fat accumulation on the upper back), purple striae (stretch marks), irregular periods, weakness, emotional changes, and easy bruising. One of the causes of Cushing syndrome is the overproduction of ACTH by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol.

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How does hypoventilation affect the blood's pH?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with a history of weight loss and dysphagia arrives at a medical office for a follow-up after a recently performed EGD. The patient reports feeling a lump in the throat Which condition is described?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient experiences significant blood loss after surgery, which raises the osmolarity of the bloodstream. Which fluid changes are expected to occur within this patient's body as a result?

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Which disease can vitamin B12 deficiency be attributed to?

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