How does the diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder differ from major depressive disorder?
The onset of persistent depressive disorder is usually late in life
Hypomanic episodes are present in persistent depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder has a high-grade chronicity
Persistent depressive disorder is subjective in nature
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Persistent depressive disorder can begin at any age, including adolescence, not only late in life.
Choice B reason: Hypomanic episodes are features of bipolar disorders, not persistent depressive disorder.
Choice C reason: Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) is characterized by a chronic, low-grade depressive state lasting at least two years in adults, differentiating it from the episodic nature of major depressive disorder.
Choice D reason: Both persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder are diagnosed based on objective criteria, not solely subjective reports.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute stress disorder occurs within the first month after a traumatic event, and this scenario involves emotional response to a life transition rather than trauma.
Choice B reason: Adjustment disorder is characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors, such as relocation or life changes, occurring within three months of the stressor. The timing and context of her symptoms fit this diagnosis.
Choice C reason: Conversion disorder involves neurological symptoms without a medical cause and is unrelated to crying spells in response to stressors.
Choice D reason: PTSD requires exposure to a traumatic event involving threat to life or safety, which is not present in this scenario.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Requesting reasonable accommodations is actually a potential benefit of disclosure, as it allows the individual to access legal protections under disability laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Choice B reason: Disclosure may lead to positive social support from coworkers, which is another potential benefit rather than a risk.
Choice C reason: Identifying oneself as “disabled” can influence self-perception and internalized stigma, potentially affecting confidence, self-image, and personal beliefs. This represents a psychological risk associated with disclosure.
Choice D reason: Being honest about one’s mental illness can aid in recovery and improve self-advocacy, which is a benefit rather than a risk of disclosure.
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