How is Addison disease treated and clinically managed?

Choice A reason: Jaundice is a common finding in cirrhosis due to impaired liver function, which leads to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. This causes the skin and the whites of the eyes to turn yellow.
Choice B reason: Spider angiomas are dilated blood vessels that appear on the skin and are often seen in patients with cirrhosis. They are caused by increased estrogen levels due to impaired liver function.
Choice C reason: Lethargy is a symptom of cirrhosis as the liver's ability to detoxify the blood is compromised, leading to fatigue and weakness.
Choice D reason: An apical pulse regular with S1, S2 is not specifically associated with cirrhosis. While it may be a normal finding, it does not indicate the presence of cirrhosis.
Choice E reason: Abdomen moderately distended is consistent with cirrhosis due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites), which is a common complication of advanced liver disease.
Choice F reason: Dark amber urine is a sign of cirrhosis as the liver's ability to process bilirubin is impaired, leading to the excretion of conjugated bilirubin in the urine, which gives it a dark color.
Choice G reason: Peripheral pulses are palpable is not specifically associated with cirrhosis. While it may be a normal finding, it does not indicate the presence of cirrhosis.
Choice H reason: 3+ pitting edema is consistent with cirrhosis due to the retention of sodium and water, leading to swelling in the lower extremities.

Choice A reason: Consulting with the speech-language pathologist for a swallowing evaluation is essential because the client has occasional dysphagia. Swallowing difficulties can lead to aspiration and other complications, and a proper evaluation can help determine the safest diet and interventions.
Choice B reason: Placing the client on the hospital's fall precautions protocol is crucial due to the client's orthostatic hypotension and use of a walker. These factors increase the risk of falls, and implementing fall precautions can help prevent injuries.
Choice C reason: Obtaining a prescription for a different antihypertensive medication is not indicated in this scenario. There is no information provided that suggests the current medication is inappropriate or ineffective. The focus should be on managing the client's orthostatic hypotension with non-pharmacological interventions.
Choice D reason: Reminding the nursing staff to place the client in a sitting position during meals is important to reduce the risk of aspiration due to dysphagia. Sitting upright can help ensure that food and liquids are swallowed safely.
Choice E reason: Referring the client for physical and occupational therapy evaluations is necessary to address the client's functional mobility and ability to perform ADLs. These therapies can help optimize the client's independence and safety.
Choice F reason: Placing the client on a liquid diet to prevent choking is not appropriate without a swallowing evaluation. The speech-language pathologist should determine the safest diet based on the client's specific needs and swallowing abilities.
Choice G reason: Performing orthostatic blood pressure checks is important for monitoring and managing the client's orthostatic hypotension. Regular checks can help identify changes in blood pressure and guide interventions to prevent falls and related complications.